Trial reportClinical interventions in aging2016
Vitamin E administration may decrease the incidence of pneumonia in elderly males.
Trial report in Clinical interventions in aging, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Nutrition in COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity of Disease: A Systematic Review.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of micronutrient supplements on influenza and other respiratory tract infections among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2021Pooled it
- Zinc Supplementation Reduces Common Cold Duration among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with Micronutrients Supplementation.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Pooled it
- The effect of β-carotene on the mortality of male smokers is modified by smoking and by vitamins C and E: evidence against a uniform effect of nutrient.Journal of nutritional science · 2020Trial
- Role of lifestyle factors on the development and long-term prognosis of pneumonia and cardiovascular disease in the Chinese population.Chinese medical journal · 2025Article
- Survey of tocopherol and the associated genetic loci in wheat grain.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Review
- Exploring the link between fat-soluble vitamins and aging-associated immune system status: a literature review.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- The "Magnificent Seven" in Oral and Systemic Health against COVID-19.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Dietary antioxidant nutrients intake and pneumonia mortality in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Modulating oxidative stress: a reliable strategy for coping with community-acquired pneumonia in older adults.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for vitamin E.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Associations of dietary sources of antioxidant intake and NAFLD: NHANES 2017-2020 and Mendelian randomization.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- [Vitamins and Immune System Health].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2023Review
- Plant-based diet and COVID-19 severity: results from a cross-sectional study.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2023Article
- The Role of Vitamin E in Thermal Burn Injuries, Infection, and Sepsis: A Review.Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association · 2022Review
- The Preparation and Biological Testing of Novel Wound Dressings with an Encapsulated Antibacterial and Antioxidant Substance.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Perspective: Role of Micronutrients and Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Immune Outcomes of Relevance to Infections in Older Adults-A Narrative Review and Call for Action.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Review
- Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Review
- Fat-soluble vitamins: updated review of their role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout life cycle with sex differences.Nutrition & metabolism · 2022Review
- Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic effects of different vitamins and minerals in COVID-19 patients.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVitamin E has influenced the immune system in laboratory studies. Dozens of animal experiments have found that vitamin E offered protection against infections caused by viruses and bacteria. Previously, significant heterogeneity was found in the effect of vitamin E supplementation on pneumonia in humans. The aim of this study was to examine how the effect of vitamin E on pneumonia risk depends on age.
methodsSecondary analysis of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention study in Finland, 1985-1993, was performed. Participants were male smokers aged 50-69 years at the baseline who started to smoke at ≥21 years (N=7,469). Intervention was 50 mg/d of vitamin E for 5-8 years. The outcome was the incidence of hospital-treated, community-acquired pneumonia by the age at the follow-up.
resultsAmong 2,216 participants who smoked 5-19 cigarettes per day at baseline and exercised at leisure time, vitamin E supplementation reduced the incidence of pneumonia by 69% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43%-83%; 57 pneumonia cases). In this subgroup, vitamin E prevented pneumonia in 12.9% of participants by the age of 74 years. Among 5,253 participants who smoked ≥20 cigarettes per day at baseline or did not exercise, the incidence of pneumonia was 14% lower in the vitamin E participants (95% CI: -38% to +21%; 139 cases). One-third of the participants quit smoking for a period, of whom 27 got pneumonia. The incidence of pneumonia was 72% (95% CI: 31%-89%) lower in the vitamin E group, and this benefit was also seen among those males who smoked ≥20 cigarettes per day at baseline or did not exercise.
conclusionAlthough the evidence of benefit from vitamin E against pneumonia in elderly males is strong in this analysis, the overall findings about vitamin E have been complex. Further research on vitamin E in nonsmoking elderly males is warranted.
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