SynthesisCirculation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes2016
Identifying Important Gaps in Randomized Controlled Trials of Adult Cardiac Arrest Treatments: A Systematic Review of the Published Literature.
Synthesis in Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05520762 (Hospital Airway Resuscitation Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Hospital Airway Resuscitation Trial: A Cluster-Randomized, Pragmatic Trial
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic models for outcome prediction following in-hospital cardiac arrest using pre-arrest factors: a systematic review, meta-analysis and critical appraisal.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Development, validation and visualization of a nomogram for the prediction of in-hospital cardiac arrest in patients after successful primary PCI for STEMI.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Disparities in Survival After In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest by Time of Day and Day of Week: A Single-Center Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical heterogeneity and phenotyping of post cardiac arrest brain injury: one size may not fit all.Intensive care medicine · 2025Review
- The California Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (CAL-ROC): A novel collaboration to facilitate the implementation of randomized clinical trials in the prehospital setting.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Evaluating the alignment of recent cardiac arrest randomized controlled trials with the top resuscitation science knowledge gaps.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Pediatric cardiac arrest registries and survival outcomes: A European study.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Post-resuscitation care of patients with return of spontaneous circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest at the emergency department.Singapore medical journal · 2025Article
- In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA): survival status and its determinants in Malaysian public healthcare.PeerJ · 2025Article
- The outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest based on the etiology of cardiac arrest; A scoping review.PloS one · 2025Article
- Short- and long-term outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiac arrest: a nationwide cohort study 2013-22.European heart journal. Acute cardiovascular care · 2024Article
- Evaluating the current breadth of randomized control trials on cardiac arrest: A scoping review.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- Factors affecting neurological outcomes of patients with sudden cardiac arrest in the emergency department.BMC emergency medicine · 2024Article
- The times are changing: A primer on novel clinical trial designs and endpoints in critical care research.American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists · 2024Article
- Prediction of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in the Intensive Care Unit: Machine Learning-Based Multimodal Approach.JMIR medical informatics · 2024Article
- Wolf Creek XVII Part 8: Neuroprotection.Resuscitation plus · 2024Review
- Enhancing Team Dynamics and Leadership Skills for Residents Leading Multidisciplinary In-Patient Cardiac Arrest Teams.Journal of Brown hospital medicine · 2024Article
- Closing the evidence gap for in-hospital cardiac arrest: a focus on advanced airway management.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Article
- Trends in Return of Spontaneous Circulation and Survival to Hospital Discharge for In-Intensive Care Unit Cardiac Arrests.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2023Observational
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCardiac arrest is a major public health concern worldwide. The extent and types of randomized controlled trials (RCT)-our most reliable source of clinical evidence-conducted in these high-risk patients over recent years are largely unknown. METHODS AND
resultsWe performed a systematic review, identifying all RCTs published in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from 1995 to 2014 that focused on the acute treatment of nontraumatic cardiac arrest in adults. We then extracted data on the setting of study populations, types and timing of interventions studied, risk of bias, outcomes reported, and how these factors have changed over time. Over this 20-year period, 92 RCTs were published containing 64 309 patients (median, 225.5 per trial). Of these, 81 RCTs (88.0%) involved out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, whereas 4 (4.3%) involved in-hospital cardiac arrest and 7 (7.6%) included both. Eighteen RCTs (19.6%) were performed in the United States, 68 (73.9%) were performed outside the United States, and 6 (6.5%) were performed in both settings. Thirty-eight RCTs (41.3%) evaluated drug therapy, 39 (42.4%) evaluated device therapy, and 15 (16.3%) evaluated protocol improvements. Seventy-four RCTs (80.4%) examined interventions during the cardiac arrest, 15 (16.3%) examined post cardiac arrest treatment, and 3 (3.3%) studied both. Overall, reporting of the risk of bias was limited. The most common outcome reported was return of spontaneous circulation: 86 (93.5%) with only 22 (23.9%) reporting survival beyond 6 months. Fifty-three RCTs (57.6%) reported global ordinal outcomes, whereas 15 (16.3%) reported quality-of-life. RCTs in the past 5 years were more likely to be focused on protocol improvements and postcardiac arrest care.
conclusionsImportant gaps in RCTs of cardiac arrest treatments exist, especially those examining in-hospital cardiac arrest, protocol improvement, postcardiac arrest care, and long-term or quality-of-life outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.