Observational studyBMC anesthesiology2016
Prevalence and risk factors for chronic pain following cesarean section: a prospective study.
Observational study in BMC anesthesiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Validation of the Gendolcat Score for the Prognosis of Chronic Postoperative Pain in Cesarean Section.
Continuous 24-Hour Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Post-Cesarean Pain Management: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Methods for Individual Prediction of Postoperative Pain.Pain research & management · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of the patient rotation and movement system (PRMS) on breastfeeding success, pain, and comfort in puerperants who gave birth by caesarean delivery.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Trial
- Dexmedetomidine as adjuvant of transversus abdominal plane block for cesarean delivery under multimodal analgesia: a randomized clinical trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Association between postpartum depression and chronic postsurgical pain after Cesarean delivery: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2025Trial
- Effect of Bilateral Quadratus Lumborum Block Type I on Patient Satisfaction and Incidence of Chronic Postsurgical Pain Following Cesarean Section-A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Low-level laser therapy improves pain in postcesarean section: a randomized clinical trial.Lasers in medical science · 2020Trial
- Women's Quality-of-Life Trajectories During Pregnancy and Postpartum Periods by Mode of Birth: A Prospective Cohort Study.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Observational
- The Relationship Between Postoperative Pain and Subcutaneous Tissue Thickness Following Cesarean Section.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of a Guide-Suture-Assisted Modified Fascial Closure Technique on Postoperative Pain and Early Mobilization After Cesarean Section: A Mixed-Methods Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Low Back Pain and Disabilities Among Postpartum Women: Prevalence, Severity and Associated Factors.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The influence of antenatal and pregnancy-related factors on recovery after childbirth: a systematic review.AJOG global reports · 2026Review
- Comparison between sufentanil and hydromorphone for postoperative analgesia after cesarean section: a propensity-score matched analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of Preoperative Pain Catastrophizing on Postpartum Depression and Chronic Postsurgical Pain After Cesarean Section: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- A Critical Review of Post-Childbirth Pain Experiences and Management in Relation to Postpartum Depression Risk for Racial and Ethnic Minorities.Current psychiatry reports · 2025Review
- Persistent Postpartum Pain After Elective Cesarean Section Is Not Only Persistent Postsurgical Pain-A Retrospective Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- A sham-controlled randomised trial of Tecar therapy for painful caesarean scars: the NOCEPAIN study protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- General anesthesia for cesarean delivery: Israeli national survey.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2025Article
- Assessing the Experience and Management of Acute Post-Operative Pain from Caesarean Delivery: A Multi-Centre Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) remains a major clinical problem which may be associated with impaired activities of daily life and decreased health-related quality of life. Although cesarean section is one of the most commonly performed operations, chronic pain after cesarean delivery has not been well-studied. The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of chronic pain at 3, 6 and 12 months after cesarean delivery.
methodsWe prospectively investigated preoperative demographic and psychological factors, intraoperative clinical factors, and acute postoperative pain in a cohort of 527 women undergoing cesarean section. The women were interviewed and completed pain questionnaires after 3, 6 and 12 months. Questions were about pain intensity, frequency, and location, as well as medical treatment and impact on daily living.
resultsThe incidence of CPSP at 3, 6 and 12 months after cesarean section was 18.3 %, 11.3 % and 6.8 %, respectively. Most of the women with CPSP experienced mild pain at rest. The incidence of moderate and severe pain on movement was high at 3 month, and then has a significant decrease at 6 and 12 months. CPSP had a negative influence on the activities of daily living. Independent predictors of CPSP at 3 months included higher average pain intensity on movement within 24 h postoperatively, preoperative depression, and longer duration of surgery. At 6 months, more severe pain during movement within 24 h of surgery and preoperative depression were predictive of pain persistence. And 12 months after surgery, only higher average pain score on movement within 24 h following cesarean section was found to be significant associated with CPSP. The three models all showed moderate discrimination and good calibration for the prediction of CPSP at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively.
conclusionsCPSP was not rare in women undergoing cesarean section. Patients with more intense of acute postoperative pain on movement, preoperative depression, and longer surgical time had greater risk for CPSP following surgery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.