SynthesisJournal of the National Cancer Institute2017
Financial Hardships Experienced by Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 517 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pilot Feasibility Study of Out-of-Pocket Cost Communication and Supportive Financial Services for Reducing Financial Toxicity Among Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Assessing the Effect of Virtual Navigation Interventions to Improve Health Insurance Literacy and Decrease Financial Burden: A Childhood Cancer Survivor Study Randomized Trial (HINTII)
Characterizing and Addressing Financial Toxicity in Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer
Leveraging COmmunity Partnered nEeds Navigation to Reduce Unmet Health-related Social Needs Among Caregivers for Adolescent and Younger Adult Cancer Survivors
Who cites it
517 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Effectiveness of Interventions Based on Symptom Clusters for Symptom Burden and Quality of Life Among Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Research in nursing & health · 2026Pooled it
- Financial toxicity among families of children with cancer: a qualitative systematic review and meta-aggregation.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and determinants of financial toxicity in patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2026Pooled it
- From economic burden to patient-centered solutions: the evolving landscape of financial toxicity in oncology.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Measuring the Socioeconomic Impact of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Standardized Assessment of Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Instruments.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors of psychological distress among patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review on the impact of financial insecurity on the physical and psychological well-being for people living with terminal illness.Palliative medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Measuring financial toxicity in head and neck cancer: a systematic review.Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale · 2024Pooled it
- The effects of a financial navigation intervention on financial toxicity among patients with breast cancer in China: A randomized controlled trial.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2026Trial
- Financial reimbursement for clinical trial participation costs: a pilot feasibility study.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Trial
- Financial Navigation for People Newly Diagnosed With Cancer: Primary Outcomes From the Cancer Financial Experience Randomized Trial.JCO oncology practice · 2025Trial
- Financial hardship experience in middle- and older-aged patients with advanced lung cancer.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Trial
- Financial Burden of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening in Patients With Cirrhosis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2024Trial
- A point-of-care pilot randomized intervention to connect patients with cancer-induced financial toxicity to telehealth financial counseling.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Trial
- Fertility concerns and treatment decision-making among national sample of young women with breast cancer.Cancer medicine · 2024Trial
- Financial hardship among patients with lung cancer and their family caregivers: A comparative study of two institution-based samples from Hong Kong and Mainland China.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- Beyond demographics: physical activity as a key behavioral marker for identifying the guidance-seeking profile to guide precision survivorship care.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Baseline Financial Toxicity and Cost-Coping Mechanisms Among Patients Presenting for Radiation Therapy.Advances in radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Financial Toxicity Among Sarcoma Patients During and Following Treatment Across the Lifespan.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Financial Toxicity and Follow-Up Quality of Life Among Breast Cancer Survivors in the BOLD Cohort.Psycho-oncology · 2026Article
457 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: With rising cancer care costs, including high-priced cancer drugs, financial hardship is increasingly documented among cancer survivors in the United States; research findings have not been synthesized. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of articles published between 1990 and 2015 describing the financial hardship experienced by cancer survivors using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. We categorized measures of financial hardship into: material conditions (eg, out-of-pocket costs, productivity loss, medical debt, or bankruptcy), psychological responses (eg, distress or worry), and coping behaviors (eg, skipped medications). We abstracted findings and conducted a qualitative synthesis. Results: Among 676 studies identified, 45 met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated in the review. The majority of the studies (82%, n = 37) reported financial hardship as a material condition measure; others reported psychological (7%, n = 3) and behavioral measures (16%, n = 7). Financial hardship measures were heterogeneous within each broad category, and the prevalence of financial hardship varied by the measure used and population studied. Mean annual productivity loss ranged from $380 to $8236, 12% to 62% of survivors reported being in debt because of their treatment, 47% to 49% of survivors reported experiencing some form of financial distress, and 4% to 45% of survivors did not adhere to recommended prescription medication because of cost. Conclusions: Financial hardship is common among cancer survivors, although we found substantial heterogeneity in its prevalence. Our findings highlight the need for consistent use of definitions, terms, and measures to determine the best intervention targets and inform intervention development in order to prevent and minimize the impact of financial hardship experienced by cancer survivors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.