ArticleJournal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology2016
Suspected Adulteration of Commercial Kratom Products with 7-Hydroxymitragynine.
Article in Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Qualitative content analysis of public responses to an FDA inquiry on the impact of scheduling changes to kratom.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Pooled it
- Outcomes of mothers and newborns to prenatal exposure to kratom: a systematic review.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2021Pooled it
- ACMT Position Statement: Public Health Risks of 7-Hydroxymitragynine and Other Kratom-Associated Compounds.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2026Article
- Avoiding False Identification of 7-Hydroxymitragynine in Kratom Products Using a Multicriteria LC-MS Confirmation.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2026Article
- Atypical respiration patterns of kratom alkaloids.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2026Article
- DNA Barcoding and Chemical Profile Using UHPLC, GC-MS and LC-MS/QTOF ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Observational real-world analysis of dose-dependent effects ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- A Review of Kratom Product Evolution and Its Associated Health Outcomes.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2026Review
- UV-B and far-red light shape morphological and phytochemical responses in kratom.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Elevated 7-Hydroxymitragynine Levels Found in Products Misbranded as Kratom.Journal of AOAC International · 2026Article
- Transient Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Rhabdomyolysis, Associated With Chronic Kratom Use.Case reports in otolaryngology · 2026Article
- Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine: Bidirectional effects on breathing in rats.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Associations Between Opioid and Kratom Use in the USA: Differences by Race/Ethnicity and Sexual Orientation.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Evaluating the drug interactions in kratom usage: clinical application.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2025Review
- Commercial Delta-8 THC Products: an Analysis of Content and Labeling.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2024Article
- Commentary: Presence of kratom in opioid overdose deaths: findings from coroner postmortem toxicological report.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- An in vitro evaluation of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) on the catalytic activity of carboxylesterase 1 (CES1).Chemico-biological interactions · 2023Article
- Translating Kratom-Drug Interactions: From Bedside to Bench and Back.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2023Review
- Drug testing for mitragynine and kratom: Analytical challenges and medico-legal considerations.Drug testing and analysis · 2023Article
- Examining the paradoxical effects of kratom: a narrative inquiry.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionKratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a plant native to Southeast Asia, has been used for centuries for its stimulant and opium-like effects. Mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, exclusive to M. speciosa, are the alkaloids primary responsible for Kratom's biologic and psychoactive profile, and likely contribute to its problematic use. We purchased several commercially available Kratom analogs for analysis and through our results, present evidence of probable adulteration with the highly potent and addictive plant alkaloid, 7-hydroxymitragynine.
methodsA simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous quantification of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine in methanol extract of marketed Kratom supplements.
resultsWe found multiple commercial Kratom products to have concentrations of 7-hydroxymitragynine that are substantially higher than those found in raw M. speciosa leaves.
conclusionsWe have found multiple packaged commercial Kratom products likely to contain artificially elevated concentrations of 7-hydroxymitragynine, the alkaloid responsible for M. speciosa's concerning mechanistic and side effect profile. This study describes a unique form of product adulteration, which stresses the importance of increased dietary supplement oversight of Kratom-containing supplements.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.