ArticleScientific reports2016
Induction of Autophagy and Apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/TOR Pathways by Azadirachtin A in Spodoptera litura Cells.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Insulin Inhibits Autophagy by Inhibiting the Binding of FoXO1 to the Promoter Region of GABARAPL1.Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme · 2023Article
- Autophagy-Activated Self-reporting Photosensitizer Promoting Cell Mortality in Cancer Starvation Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Endothelial cell autophagy in the context of disease development.Anatomy & cell biology · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Effects of Cornuside on Particulate Matter-Induced Lung Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Insect Cell-Based Models: Cell Line Establishment and Application in Insecticide Screening and Toxicology Research.Insects · 2023Review
- Cirsilineol Treatment Attenuates PMInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Insulin Receptor: An Important Target for the Development of Novel Medicines and Pesticides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Effects and Mechanism ofBioMed research international · 2022Article
- Hydrogen sulfide alleviates uremic cardiomyopathy by regulating PI3K/PKB/mTOR-mediated overactive autophagy in 5/6 nephrectomy mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Chemoprevention of 4NQO-Induced Mouse Tongue Carcinogenesis by AKT Inhibitor through the MMP-9/RhoC Signaling Pathway and Autophagy.Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2022Article
- LyeTxI-b, a Synthetic Peptide Derived From a Spider Venom, Is Highly Active in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Acts Synergistically With Cisplatin.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- L-Borneol 7-O-[Journal of immunology research · 2022Article
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- Assessment of tantalum nanoparticle-induced MC3T3-E1 proliferation and underlying mechanisms.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2021Article
- Inhibition of PI3K/mTOR/KArchives of pharmacal research · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Azadirachtin is one of the most effective botanical insecticides and has been widely used in pest control. Toxicological reports show that azadirachtin can induce apoptosis in various insect cell lines. However, studies of azadirachtin-induced autophagy in cultured insect cells are lacking. This study reports that azadirachtin A significantly inhibits cell proliferation by inducing autophagic and apoptotic cell death in Spodoptera litura cultured cell line (SL-1 cell). Characteristic autophagolysosome and Atg8-PE (phosphatidylethanolamine) accumulation were observed by electron microscopy and western blotting, indicating that azadirachtin triggered autophagy in SL-1 cell. Furthermore, azadirachtin inhibited survival signaling by blocking the activation of PI3K, AKT and the down-stream target of rapamycin. Similar to the positive control of starvation, azadirachtin induced the activation of insulin receptor (InR) via a cellular feedback mechanism. In addition, the autophagy-related 5 (Atg5), a molecular switch of autophagy and apoptosis, was truncated (tAtg5) to trigger cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm under azadirachtin stress, which indicated that azadirachtin induced apoptosis through autophagy. Our findings suggest that azadirachtin primarily induced autophagy in SL-1 cell by dysregulating InR- and PI3K/AKT/TOR pathways, then stimulated apoptosis by activating tAtg5.
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