ReviewAnnals of the New York Academy of Sciences2017
Cortisol dysregulation: the bidirectional link between stress, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Review in Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 285 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
285 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 547 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Association between the triglyceride glucose index and depression: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Parent-child separation and cardiometabolic outcomes and risk factors in adulthood: A systematic review.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- The longitudinal impact of low-dose morphine on diurnal cortisol profiles in people with chronic breathlessness and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): an exploratory study.Respiratory research · 2025Trial
- Effects of left anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in depression: a randomized controlled pilot trial.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Long-term green-Mediterranean diet may favor fasting morning cortisol stress hormone; the DIRECT-PLUS clinical trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Trial
- The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction for school teachers: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.European journal of public health · 2022Trial
- The Acute Relationship between Affective States and Stress Biomarkers in Ethnic Minority Youths.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Cardiometabolic health of low- and higher-income adults in the United States, 2009-2023.American heart journal · 2026Article
- Associations of stress hormones, autonomic function, and endothelial function in patients with diabetes.Endocrine journal · 2026Article
- Advances in salivary cortisol monitoring for healthcare applications.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Association of effort-reward imbalance with fingernail cortisol levels in apparel manufacturing workers.Industrial health · 2026Article
- A Longitudinal Quasi-Experimental Evaluation of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention in Teachers: Changes in Psychosocial Risks, Burnout, Depression, and Salivary Cortisol.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association Between Psychological Distress and Glycaemic Control Among Adults with Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiota-Astrocyte Axis: New Insights into the Mechanisms of Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Terpenes as Potential Multi-Target Modulators of Chronic Stress-Induced Neuroendocrine-Immune Dysregulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Observational
- Regulating the Nano-Bio Interface: Converging Electrochemical and Photonic Biosensing for Wearable Diagnostics.Nano letters · 2026Review
- Serum Serotonin Levels and Postpartum Depression in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Psychobiological Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
225 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Controversy exists over the role of stress and depression in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Depression has been shown to increase the risk for progressive insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in multiple studies, whereas the association of stress with diabetes is less clear, owing to differences in study designs and in forms and ascertainment of stress. The biological systems involved in adaptation that mediate the link between stress and physiological functions include the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous and immune systems. The HPA axis is a tightly regulated system that represents one of the body's mechanisms for responding to acute and chronic stress. Depression is associated with cross-sectional and longitudinal alterations in the diurnal cortisol curve, including a blunted cortisol awakening response and flattening of the diurnal cortisol curve. Flattening of the diurnal cortisol curve is also associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this article, we review and summarize the evidence supporting HPA axis dysregulation as an important biological link between stress, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.