ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2016
Altered Refractive Development in Mice With Reduced Levels of Retinal Dopamine.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic changes in ocular shape during human development and its implications for retina fovea formation.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of low-concentration atropine (0.01%) eye drops for prevention of axial myopic progression in premyopes.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Trial
- Scleral Postn Drives Myopia via Promoting Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Light and myopia: a focus on the expanding role of non-visual opsins.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Review
- Early-life exposure to antibiotics increases the risk of myopia: A retrospective cohort study.BioMedicine · 2026Article
- HarnessingGut microbes · 2025Article
- Increased sensitivity to myopia and altered retinal ON/OFF balance in a mouse model lackingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Amacrine Cells in the Mammalian Retina: Distribution and Quantification in Mouse, Rat, Ground Squirrel and Macaque Retinas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Modulation of All-Trans Retinoic Acid by Light and Dopamine in the Murine Eye.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Loss of ON-Pathway Function in Mice Lacking Lrit3 Decreases Recovery From Lens-Induced Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Insights into Myopia from Mouse Models.Annual review of vision science · 2024Review
- Pupillary Light Reflex Reveals Melanopsin System Alteration in the Background of Myopia-26, the Female Limited Form of Early-Onset High Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Circadian rhythm, ipRGCs, and dopamine signalling in myopia.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Review
- Meta-analysis of retinal transcriptome profiling studies in animal models of myopia.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Twenty-four hour diurnal variation in retinal oxygen saturation.Vision research · 2023Article
- Congenital aniridia beyond black eyes: From phenotype and novel genetic mechanisms to innovative therapeutic approaches.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2023Review
- Exogenous All-Trans Retinoic Acid Induces Myopia and Alters Scleral Biomechanics in Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Altered Structure and Function of Murine Sclera in Form-Deprivation Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Altered Retinal Dopamine Levels in a Melatonin-proficient Mouse Model of Form-deprivation Myopia.Neuroscience bulletin · 2022Article
- Hypoxia-Induced Scleral HIF-2α Upregulation Contributes to Rises in MMP-2 Expression and Myopia Development in Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe neuromodulator dopamine (DA) has been implicated in the prevention of excessive ocular elongation and myopia in various animal models. This study used retina-specific DA knockout mice to investigate the role of retinal DA in refractive development and susceptibility to experimental myopia.
methodsMeasurements of refractive error, corneal curvature, and ocular biometrics were obtained as a function of age for both untreated and form-deprived (FD) groups of retina-specific tyrosine hydroxylase knockout (rTHKO) and control (Ctrl) mice. Retinas from each group were analyzed by HPLC for levels of DA and its primary metabolite (DOPAC).
resultsUnder normal visual conditions, rTHKO mice showed significantly myopic refractions (F(1,188) = 7.602, P < 0.001) and steeper corneas (main effect of genotype F(1,180) = 5.1, P < 0.01) at 4 and 6 weeks of age compared with Ctrl mice. Retina-specific THKO mice also had thinner corneas (main effect of genotype F(1,181) = 37.17, P < 0.001), thinner retinas (F(6,181) = 6.07, P < 0.001), and shorter axial lengths (F(6,181) = 3.78, P < 0.01) than Ctrl mice. Retina-specific THKO retinas contained less than 15% of DA and DOPAC compared with Ctrl retinas, and the remaining DA had a significantly higher turnover, as indicated by DOPAC/DA ratios (Student's t-test, P < 0.05). Retina-specific THKO mice showed similar, yet more variable, responses to 6 weeks of FD compared with Ctrl mice.
conclusionsDiminished retinal DA induced spontaneous myopia in mice raised under laboratory conditions without form deprivation. The relative myopic shift in rTHKO mice may be explained by steeper corneas, an unexpected finding. The chronic loss of DA did not significantly alter the FD myopia response in rTHKO mice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.