ArticleEpidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)2017
Bias Due to Confounders for the Exposure-Competing Risk Relationship.
Article in Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pregnancy identification method as a source of bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Early acupuncture exposure and mortality in older adults with ischemic heart disease: A nationwide cohort study in Korea.Integrative medicine research · 2026Article
- Association of nonstandardized model for end-stage liver disease score exceptions with waitlist mortality in adult liver transplant candidates.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2025Article
- Accounting for Competing Events When Evaluating Long-Term Outcomes in Survivors of Critical Illness.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Article
- Predictors of frequent emergency department visits among hospitalized cancer patients: a comparative cohort study using integrated clinical and administrative data to improve care delivery.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Role of Orthostatic Hypotension in the Development of Dementia in People With and Without Cardiovascular Disease.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2023Article
- The Lung Allocation Score Remains Inequitable for Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Even after the 2015 Revision.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Article
- Causal inference in medical records and complementary systems pharmacology for metformin drug repurposing towards dementia.Nature communications · 2022Article
- A practical guide to handling competing events in etiologic time-to-event studies.Global epidemiology · 2022Article
- Rate and Risk Factors of Acute Myocardial Infarction after Debut of Chronic Kidney Disease-Results from the KidDiCo.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Association of Psychiatric Services Referral and Attendance Following Treatment for Deliberate Self-harm With Prospective Mortality in Norwegian Patients.JAMA psychiatry · 2022Article
- Article
- Effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulants in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2022Article
- Childhood adversity and cognitive impairment in later life.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Outcome after intubation for septic shock with respiratory distress and hemodynamic compromise: an observational study.BMC anesthesiology · 2021Observational
- SIMULATION IN PRACTICE: THE BALANCING INTERCEPT.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Causal inference in the face of competing events.Current epidemiology reports · 2020Article
- Incorporating competing risk theory into evaluations of changes in cancer survival: making the most of cause of death and routinely linked sociodemographic data.BMC public health · 2020Article
- A causal framework for classical statistical estimands in failure-time settings with competing events.Statistics in medicine · 2020Article
- Estimation of the adjusted cause-specific cumulative probability using flexible regression models for the cause-specific hazards.Statistics in medicine · 2019Article
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2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiologic studies that aim to estimate a causal effect of an exposure on a particular event of interest may be complicated by the existence of competing events that preclude the occurrence of the primary event. Recently, many articles have been published in the epidemiologic literature demonstrating the need for appropriate models to accommodate competing risks when they are present. However, there has been little attention to variable selection for confounder control in competing risk analyses.
methodsWe employ simulation to demonstrate the bias in two variable selection strategies include covariates that are associated with the exposure and (1) which change the cause-specific hazard of any of the outcomes; or (2) which change the cause-specific hazard of the specific event of interest.
resultsWe demonstrated minimal to no bias in estimators adjusted for confounders of exposure and either the event of interest or the competing event, but bias of varying magnitude in almost all estimators adjusted only for confounders of exposure and the primary outcome. DISCUSSION: When estimating causal effects for which there are competing risks, the analysis should control for confounders of both the exposure-primary outcome effect and of the exposure-competing outcome effect.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.