Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27748638›Full record

ReviewJournal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery2017

The History of Therapeutic Aerosols: A Chronological Review.

Stephen W Stein, Charles G Thiel

Abstract readHistorical ArticleReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
92citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

92 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  16. Treatment of lung diseasesMaterials today. Bio · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Different Carriers for Use in Dry Powder Inhalers: Characteristics of Their Particles.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2024
    Review
  20. Contributions of Medical Greenhouse Gases to Climate Change and Their Possible Alternatives.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024
    Review

32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Stephen W Stein1 3 M Drug Delivery Systems , St. Paul, Minnesota.
Charles G Thiel2 Retired, Tucson, Arizona.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In 1956, Riker Laboratories, Inc., (now 3 M Drug Delivery Systems) introduced the first pressurized metered dose inhaler (MDI). In many respects, the introduction of the MDI marked the beginning of the modern pharmaceutical aerosol industry. The MDI was the first truly portable and convenient inhaler that effectively delivered drug to the lung and quickly gained widespread acceptance. Since 1956, the pharmaceutical aerosol industry has experienced dramatic growth. The signing of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 led to a surge in innovation that resulted in the diversification of inhaler technologies with significantly enhanced delivery efficiency, including modern MDIs, dry powder inhalers, and nebulizer systems. The innovative inhalers and drugs discovered by the pharmaceutical aerosol industry, particularly since 1956, have improved the quality of life of literally hundreds of millions of people. Yet, the delivery of therapeutic aerosols has a surprisingly rich history dating back more than 3500 years to ancient Egypt. The delivery of atropine and related compounds has been a crucial inhalation therapy throughout this period and the delivery of associated structural analogs remains an important therapy today. Over the centuries, discoveries from many cultures have advanced the delivery of therapeutic aerosols. For thousands of years, therapeutic aerosols were prepared by the patient or a physician with direct oversight of the patient using custom-made delivery systems. However, starting with the Industrial Revolution, advancements in manufacturing resulted in the bulk production of therapeutic aerosol delivery systems produced by people completely disconnected from contact with the patient. This trend continued and accelerated in the 20th century with the mass commercialization of modern pharmaceutical inhaler products. In this article, we will provide a summary of therapeutic aerosol delivery from ancient times to the present along with a look to the future. We hope that you will find this chronological summary intriguing and informative.

Indexed as

Administration, InhalationAerosolsDrug Delivery SystemsDrug IndustryDry Powder InhalersEquipment DesignHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 21st CenturyHistory, AncientHumansLungMetered Dose InhalersNebulizers and VaporizersQuality of LifeAerosolsatropinedry powder inhalerinhalermetered dose inhalernebulizertherapeutic aerosol

Identifiers

PMID27748638
PMCPMC5278812

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.