ArticleSports medicine - open2016
Oxidative Stress in Female Athletes Using Combined Oral Contraceptives.
Article in Sports medicine - open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medication use during pregnancy and the risk of gastroschisis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Blood oxidative stress biomarkers in women: influence of oral contraception, exercise, and N-acetylcysteine.European journal of applied physiology · 2022Trial
- Health Status Is Affected, and Phase I/II Biotransformation Activity Altered in Young Women Using Oral Contraceptives Containing Drospirenone/Ethinyl Estradiol.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense Capacity in Patients with Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2α and Lipoxygenase Gene Expression as Candidate Molecular Markers of Training Adaptation in Professional Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Probiotics and the Gut Microbiome in Combat Sports: A Narrative Review of Performance, Recovery, and Health Pathways.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Investigation of copper and oxidative stress levels in oral contraceptive users.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Interplay of Total Antioxidant Capacity and Oxidative Stress Hydroperoxides with Circulating Biomarkers of Inflammation and Iron Status According to Oral Contraception Use.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Oral contraceptive pill phase alters mechanisms contributing to cutaneous microvascular function in response to local heating.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2025Article
- Sex Differences and Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy Outcomes in Runners with Achilles or Hamstring Tendinopathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2023Review
- Oxidative Stress: The Role of Estrogen and Progesterone.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Effects of biological sex and oral contraceptive pill use on cutaneous microvascular endothelial function and nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation in humans.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2023Article
- Microvascular endothelial function following cessation of long-term oral contraceptive pill use: A case report.Experimental physiology · 2023Article
- Systemic Oxidative Stress in Women with Ovarian and Pelvic Endometriosis: Role of Hormonal Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Active Women Across the Lifespan: Nutritional Ingredients to Support Health and Wellness.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Review
- Temporal changes in blood oxidative stress biomarkers across the menstrual cycle and with oral contraceptive use in active women.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Article
- The Specificities of Elite Female Athletes: A Multidisciplinary Approach.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Oxidative Stress Is Increased in Combined Oral Contraceptives Users and Is Positively Associated with High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Hormonal Contraceptive Use in Football Codes in Australia.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOxidative stress in female athletes is understudied. We investigated oxidative stress in sportswomen of different disciplines according to combined oral contraceptive (OC) use and lifestyle/alimentary habits.
methodsItalian sportswomen (n = 144; mean age 23.4 ± 4.2 years; body mass index 21.2 ± 2.2 kg m
resultsElevated oxidative stress levels (≥310 FORT units) were found in 92.9 % of OC users and in 23.5 % of non-OC users (crude OR = 42, 95 % CI 12-149, p < 0.001; adjusted OR = 60, 95 % CI 11-322, p < 0.001). Continuous values of hydroperoxides were twofold higher in OC users versus non-OC users (median 484 versus 270 FORT units, p < 0.001) and were inversely related to FORD units in OC users (p = 0.01). Hydroperoxides were not associated with weekly hours of exercise. In OC users, lifestyle/alimentary habits were not correlated to hydroperoxides. In non-OC users only, hydroperoxide values were positively correlated with weight and BMI and inversely correlated with chocolate and fish consumption.
conclusionsThe markedly elevated oxidative stress we revealed in OC-user athletes could be detrimental to physical activity and elevate cardiovascular risk (as thromboembolism). Further research is needed to extend our results, to clarify the biochemical pathways leading to increased hydroperoxides (mainly lipid peroxides) and reduced antioxidant defense, and to elucidate the potential effects on athletic performance. OC use should be considered when developing gender-focused strategies against oxidative stress.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.