Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27747745›Full record

ArticleInjury epidemiology2015

Epidemiology of sports-related concussion in seven US high school and collegiate sports.

Stephen W Marshall, Kevin M Guskiewicz, Viswanathan Shankar, Michael McCrea, Robert C Cantu

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Injury epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
10.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Stephen W MarshallDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. smarshall@unc.edu.
Kevin M GuskiewiczDepartment of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Viswanathan ShankarDepartment of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
Michael McCreaNeuroscience Center, Waukesha Memorial Hospital, Waukesha, WI, USA.
Robert C CantuNeurosurgery Service, Emerson Hospital, Concord, MA, USA.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USAlbert Einstein College of Medicine · USEmerson Hospital · USMedical College of Wisconsin · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe epidemiology of sports-related concussion is not well-described in the literature. This paper presents a descriptive epidemiology of concussion in seven high school and collegiate sports.

methodsWe used the data from Concussion Prevention Initiative (CPI), which enrolled 8905 athletes at 210 high schools and 26 colleges in a prospective cohort study of 7 sports (football, men's and women's soccer, men's and women's lacrosse, and men's and women's ice hockey) between 1999 and 2001. Injury risks and injury rates were used to characterize the incidence of concussion, and changes in symptoms over time were described.

resultsA total of 375 concussions were observed. The incidence of concussion was highest in football, followed by women's lacrosse, men's lacrosse, men's soccer, and women's soccer (only 10 ice hockey teams were included, too few to quantify incidence). The rate of incident concussion was strongly associated with history of concussion in the previous 24 months (rate ratio = 5.5; 95 %CI: 3.9, 7.8, for 2 or more concussions relative to no previous concussion). The most common symptoms at time of injury were headache (87 %), balance problems/dizziness (77 %), and feeling "in a fog" (62 %). Loss of consciousness and amnesia were present in relatively few cases (9 and 30 %). The most common mechanism of injury was collision with another player.

conclusionsSports-related concussions present with a diverse range of symptoms and are associated with previous concussion history.

Indexed as

FootballHead injuryLacrosseSoccerTraumatic brain injury

Identifiers

PMID27747745
PMCPMC5005709
OpenAlexW1493914665

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.