ReviewOpen forum infectious diseases2016
Probiotics in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Systematic Review and Evidence Synthesis of Benefits and Risks.
Review in Open forum infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term safety and clinical effects of probiotic supplementation in at-risk populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- HIV and the gut microbiome: future research hotspots and trends.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Role of probiotic as adjuvant in treating various infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- The Effect of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on CD4 Counts in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.BioMed research international · 2020Pooled it
- The Effects of High-Dose Probiotic Supplementation on Immune Activation and Neurocognitive Disorders in People Living with HIV Undergoing Successful Antiretroviral Treatment: The Procog Study.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- Cognitive impairment and CSF proteome modification after oral bacteriotherapy in HIV patients.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Trial
- Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Probiotic Strains.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Improvement of epilepsy secondary to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with intestinal microbiota preparations: a case report.Acta epileptologica · 2024Article
- Effects of Probiotics on Diarrhea and CD4 Cell Count in People Living With HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Modulation of Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism in HIV-1 Infected Patients with Neurocognitive Impairment: Results from a Clinical Trial.Metabolites · 2020Article
- The gut microbiome and frailty.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Regulation of Gut Microbiota on Immune Reconstitution in Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Probiotics and Their Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Role for Cancer, High Serum Cholesterol, and Allergic and HIV Diseases.BioMed research international · 2018Review
- Aging metabolism: intervention strategies.Virulence · 2017Review
- Microbiota and Probiotics in Health and HIV Infection.Nutrients · 2017Review
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Probiotic Use to PreventOpen forum infectious diseases · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus frequently use dietary supplements, including probiotics, but concern exists about ingesting live organisms. We performed a systematic review of the benefits of probiotics and a meta-analysis of sepsis risk. We undertook a protocol-driven, comprehensive review to identify all relevant studies, assess their quality, and summarize the evidence. Of 2068 references, 27 were analyzed. The data suggest possible benefits for CD4 count, recurrence or management of bacterial vaginosis, and diarrhea management. We examined randomized, controlled studies explicitly assessing sepsis in any patient population, and we found zero cases of supplement-associated bacteremia or fungemia in 39 randomized controlled trials comprising 9402 subjects. The estimated number needed to harm is 7369 in Bayesian approach (95% credible interval: 1689, ∞), which should reassure clinicians. No or mild adverse effects were reported. Longer duration studies investigating different individual and mixed strains for plausible indications are needed to establish best practices.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.