ReviewFrontiers in oncology2016
Human Papilloma Viruses and Breast Cancer - Assessment of Causality.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- HPV-driven breast carcinogenesis: associations with tumor severity, Ki67 expression and metastasis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Article
- Review
- Ion Channels as Potential Tools for the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of HPV-Associated Cancers.Cells · 2023Review
- HPV-Associated Breast Cancer: Myth or Fact?Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Common Multiple Primary Cancers Associated With Breast and Gynecologic Cancers and Their Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prognosis: A Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Human Papillomavirus in Breast Carcinogenesis: A Passenger, a Cofactor, or a Causal Agent?Biology · 2021Review
- Assessment of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Risk Factors in Egyptian Women With Breast Cancer.Breast cancer : basic and clinical research · 2021Article
- Tissue Microbiome Associated With Human Diseases by Whole Transcriptome Sequencing and 16S Metagenomics.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Review
- Human papillomavirus, gene mutation and estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer: a cross-sectional study.The Pan African medical journal · 2021Article
- Detection of High- and Low-Risk HPV DNA in Archived Breast Carcinoma Tissues from Ethiopian Women.International journal of breast cancer · 2021Article
- Human papilloma virus (HPV) profiles in breast cancer: future management.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Review
- Human papillomavirus infection increases the risk of breast carcinoma: a large-scale systemic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.Gland surgery · 2019Article
- Review
- Absence ofIranian journal of pathology · 2019Article
- Updating the epidemiological transition model.Epidemiology and infection · 2018Article
- Evidence of No Association Between Human Papillomavirus and Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2018Article
- Identification of a Torque Teno Mini Virus (TTMV) in Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- HPV Status and Its Correlation with BCL2, p21, p53, Rb, and Survivin Expression in Breast Cancer in a Chinese Population.BioMed research international · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) may have a causal role in some breast cancers. Case-control studies, conducted in many different countries, consistently indicate that HPVs are more frequently present in breast cancers as compared to benign breast and normal breast controls (odds ratio 4.02). The assessment of causality of HPVs in breast cancer is difficult because (i) the HPV viral load is extremely low, (ii) HPV infections are common but HPV associated breast cancers are uncommon, and (iii) HPV infections may precede the development of breast and other cancers by years or even decades. Further, HPV oncogenesis can be indirect. Despite these difficulties, the emergence of new evidence has made the assessment of HPV causality, in breast cancer, a practical proposition. With one exception, the evidence meets all the conventional criteria for a causal role of HPVs in breast cancer. The exception is "specificity." HPVs are ubiquitous, which is the exact opposite of specificity. An additional reservation is that the prevalence of breast cancer is not increased in immunocompromised patients as is the case with respect to HPV-associated cervical cancer. This indicates that HPVs may have an indirect causal influence in breast cancer. Based on the overall evidence, high-risk HPVs may have a causal role in some breast cancers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.