ArticleJournal of ginseng research2016
Morphine dependence is attenuated by red ginseng extract and ginsenosides Rh2, Rg3, and compound K.
Article in Journal of ginseng research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Korean Red ginseng supplements improve quality of life in patients with mild chronic pancreatitis symptoms: A prospective clinical trial.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Article
- The epigenetic signatures of opioid addiction and physical dependence are prevented by D-cysteine ethyl ester and betaine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Plants with Anti-Addictive Potential.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Clinical and Imaging Study of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Morphine Dependence Through mGluR5/TDP43/NR2B Pathway.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2021Article
- Ginsenoside Compound K: Insights into Recent Studies on Pharmacokinetics and Health-Promoting Activities.Biomolecules · 2020Review
- The G115 standardized ginseng extract: an example for safety, efficacy, and quality of an herbal medicine.Journal of ginseng research · 2020Review
- Ginsenoside compound K inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B by targeting Annexin A2.Journal of ginseng research · 2019Article
- Morphine Dependence is Attenuated by Treatment of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy Cinnamic Acid in Mice and Rats.Neurochemical research · 2019Article
- Article
- The Effects of Ginsenoside Compound K Against Epilepsy by Enhancing the γ-Aminobutyric Acid Signaling Pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRed ginseng and ginsenosides have shown plethoric effects against various ailments. However, little is known regarding the effect of red ginseng on morphine-induced dependence and tolerance. We therefore investigated the effect of red ginseng extract (RGE) and biotransformed ginsenosides Rh2, Rg3, and compound K on morphine-induced dependence in mice and rats.
methodsWhile mice were pretreated with RGE and then morphine was injected intraperitoneally, rats were infused with ginsenosides and morphine intracranially for 7 days. Naloxone-induced morphine withdrawal syndrome was estimated and conditioned place preference test was performed for physical and psychological dependence, respectively. Western blotting was used to measure protein expressions.
resultsWhereas RGE inhibited the number of naloxone-precipitated jumps and reduced conditioned place preference score, it restored the level of glutathione in mice. Likewise, ginsenosides Rh2, Rg3, and compound K attenuated morphine-dependent behavioral patterns such as teeth chattering, grooming, wet-dog shake, and escape behavior in rats. Moreover, activated N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor subunit 1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the frontal cortex of rats, and cultured cortical neurons from mice were downregulated by ginsenosides Rh2, Rg3, and compound K despite their differential effects.
conclusionRGE and biotransformed ginsenosides could be considered as potential therapeutic agents against morphine-induced dependence.
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