ReviewAnesthesia, essays and researches
Postoperative nausea and vomiting: A simple yet complex problem.
Review in Anesthesia, essays and researches. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 102 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Penehyclidine on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Underging Bimaxillary Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Effects of Penehyclidine in Preventing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Underging Bimaxillary Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Postoperative Feeding Practice and Its Effect on Postoperative Vomiting in Children Undergoing Infra-umbilical Daycare Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study
Evaluation of an Enhanced Recovery Pathway for Endoscopy Patients Receiving Moderate Sedation
Effect of Propofol on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia.
Risk Factors Analysis for Clinical Important Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Based on LASSO and Stepwise Regression
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 247 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and safety of thoracic segmental spinal anesthesia for breast surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Narra J · 2025Pooled it
- Transdermal scopolamine and urinary retention following urogynecologic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2023Pooled it
- Perioperative intravenous dexamethasone for patients undergoing colorectal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of colorectal disease · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of perioperative intravenous dexamethasone in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: a prospective randomized controlled trial.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Trial
- Analgesic efficacy and serum ropivacaine concentration of postoperative programmed intermittent bolus infusion with serratus anterior plane block in patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.Journal of anesthesia · 2025Trial
- Effect of epidural dexmedetomidine on post-operative nausea & vomiting in adult patients undergoing abdominopelvic surgery: a randomized controlled study.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Novel multimodal analgesic regimen for perioperative pain management after hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Trial
- Paravertebral block analgesia during surgical stabilization for rib fractures patients under conscious state: a single-arm, pilot study and post-hoc analysis.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Trial
- Promethazine Combined with Metoclopramide for the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Effect of Preoperative Carbohydrate Drink and Postoperative Chewing Gum on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Undergoing Day Care Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.World journal of surgery · 2023Trial
- Impact of Pyloric Injection of Magnesium Sulfate-Lidocaine Mixture on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: a Randomized-Controlled Trial.Obesity surgery · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Prospective investigation of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with hydromorphone or sufentanil: impact on mood, opioid adverse effects, and recovery.BMC anesthesiology · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Cross-sectional study and clinical prediction of post-thyroidectomy discomfort.Gland surgery · 2026Article
- Fine-Tuning, Retrieval-Augmented Generation, and Hybrid Large Language Models for Postoperative Decision Support: Comparative Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Post-Thyroidectomy Nausea and Vomiting Using Continuous Remifentanil Infusion During Emergence Depending on the Inhaled Anesthetics: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Comparing the Quality of Patient Recovery After Open Appendectomy Under General Versus Spinal Anesthesia: Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR perioperative medicine · 2026Article
- Postoperative dexamethasone administration following posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review of worldwide data.North American Spine Society journal · 2026Review
- Risk Factors Associated with Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Esophagogastroduodenoscopy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is one of the complex and significant problems in anesthesia practice, with growing trend toward ambulatory and day care surgeries. This review focuses on pathophysiology, pharmacological prophylaxis, and rescue therapy for PONV. We searched the Medline and PubMed database for articles published in English from 1991 to 2014 while writing this review using "postoperative nausea and vomiting, PONV, nausea-vomiting, PONV prophylaxis, and rescue" as keywords. PONV is influenced by multiple factors which are related to the patient, surgery, and pre-, intra-, and post-operative anesthesia factors. The risk of PONV can be assessed using a scoring system such as Apfel simplified scoring system which is based on four independent risk predictors. PONV prophylaxis is administered to patients with medium and high risks based on this scoring system. Newer drugs such as neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (aprepitant) are used along with serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine subtype 3) receptor antagonist, corticosteroids, anticholinergics, antihistaminics, and butyrophenones for PONV prophylaxis. Combination of drugs from different classes with different mechanism of action are administered for optimized efficacy in adults with moderate risk for PONV. Multimodal approach with combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological prophylaxis along with interventions that reduce baseline risk is employed in patients with high PONV risk.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.