ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2017
Skin microbiome promotes mast cell maturation by triggering stem cell factor production in keratinocytes.
Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoantibody-positive healthy individuals with lower lupus risk display a unique immune endotype.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2020Trial
- Gut microbiota shapes the effects of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids on skin and hair follicle homeostasis.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2026Article
- Dynamic remodeling of skin microbiota during healthy homeostatic and wound repair conditions.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The human skin microbiome: from metagenomes to therapeutics.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Role of Mast Cells in Human Health and Disease: Controversies and Novel Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Conversation between skin microbiota and the host: from early life to adulthood.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Review
- The Skin Microbiome: A New Key Player in Melanoma, From Onset to Metastatic Stage.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2025Review
- Crosstalk Between the Skin Environment and Microbial Community in Immune-Related Skin Diseases.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Advances in Microbiome-Based Therapeutics for Dermatological Disorders: Current Insights and Future Directions.Experimental dermatology · 2024Review
- Chronic skin damage induces small intestinal damage via IL-13-induced apoptosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Adding Fuel to the Fire? The Skin Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2024Review
- Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 in keratinocytes plays a key role in reducing inflammation in psoriasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Association of different cell types and inflammation in early acne vulgaris.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Genetic background and microbiome drive susceptibility to epicutaneous sensitization and food allergy in adjuvant-free mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Emerging Role of the Mast Cell-Microbiota Crosstalk in Cutaneous Homeostasis and Immunity.Cells · 2023Review
- Involucrin Modulates Vitamin D Receptor Activity in the Epidermis.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2023Article
- Crosstalk between skin microbiota and immune system in health and disease.Nature immunology · 2023Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMast cell (MC) progenitors leave the bone marrow, enter the circulation, and settle in the skin and other tissues. Their maturation in tissues is influenced by the surrounding microenvironment.
objectiveWe tested the hypothesis that environmental factors play a role in MC maturation in the skin.
methodsMCs were numerically, phenotypically, and functionally compared between germ-free (GF), specific pathogen-free, and GF mice reconstituted with microbiota. The maturity of MCs was then correlated with skin levels of stem cell factor (SCF), a critical MC differentiation factor, and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a Toll-like receptor 2 ligand. MCs were also evaluated in mice with keratinocyte-specific deletion of Scf.
resultsWe found that GF mice express abnormally low amounts of SCF, a critical MC differentiation factor, and contain MCs that are largely undifferentiated. Reconstituting the GF microbiota reverted this MC phenotype to normal, indicating that the phenotype is related to ongoing interactions of the microbiota and skin. Consistent with the immaturity of GF MCs, degranulation-provoking compound 48/80 induced less edema in the skin of GF mice than in conventional mice. Our results show that the skin microbiome drives SCF production in keratinocytes, which triggers the differentiation of dermal MCs. Because the skin microbiome is a rich source of LTA, a Toll-like receptor 2 ligand, we mimicked the GF microbiome's effect on MCs by applying LTA to the skin of GF mice. We also demonstrated that MC migration within the skin depends exclusively on keratinocyte-produced SCF.
conclusionThis study has revealed a novel mechanism by which the skin microbiota signals the recruitment and maturation of MCs within the dermis through SCF production by LTA-stimulated keratinocytes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.