ReviewThe American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry2016
Olfactory Identification Deficits, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia in Older Adults.
Review in The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 112 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disparity of smell tests in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Trans-Ethnic Meta-Analysis of Interactions Between Genetics and Early-Life Socioeconomic Context on Memory Performance and Decline in Older Americans.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Pooled it
- The APOLLO trial: a proof-of-concept study for vitamin A nasal drops in COVID-19-related postinfectious olfactory dysfunction.Chemical senses · 2026Trial
- Olfactory-Cleft Biopsy in Alzheimer's Disease: An Emerging Neuroimmune Window into Preclinical Pathobiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Olfactory impairment associated with cognitive decline: findings from cognitive domain assessments among older adults in West Jakarta, Indonesia.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Plasma lipids connecting olfaction with cognition and physical function.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Olfactory Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline: Are They Related?Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- Higher glycated hemoglobin amplifies the effect of apolipoprotein E epsilon 4-related cognition and olfaction impairments in type 2 diabetes.World journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Association of Olfactory Function with Frailty in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the relationship between olfactory and cognitive impairment among subjects with subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- A comparison study of sensory processing in older adults with and without dementia.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- The potential of olfaction loss to induce cognitive impairment and anxiety behavior in mice via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- The digital scent device 20: an automated, self-administered odor identification test.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- Olfactory Identification as a Biomarker for Cognitive Impairment: Insights from Healthy Aging, Subjective Cognitive Decline, and Mild Cognitive Impairment.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2024Article
- Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Effect of Antireflux PPI Therapy on Nasal Congestion and Olfaction.Maedica · 2024Article
- Article
- A multi-environmental source approach to explore associations between metals exposure and olfactory identification among school-age children residing in northern Italy.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- Genetic modifiers of cognitive decline in PSEN1 E280A Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Olfactory dysfunction and its related molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2024Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Several recently developed biomarkers of Alzheimer disease (AD) are invasive, expensive, and difficult to obtain in most clinical settings. Olfactory identification test performance represents a noninvasive, inexpensive biomarker of AD that may have predictive accuracy comparable with neuroimaging measures and biomarkers assessed in cerebrospinal fluid. Neurofibrillary tangles in the olfactory bulb are among the earliest pathologic features of AD and are also seen in the projection pathways from the olfactory bulb to secondary olfactory brain regions, including the piriform and medial temporal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and other limbic regions. Odor identification impairment characterizes AD and predicts the clinical transition from mild cognitive impairment to AD in both clinical and community samples. Epidemiologic data indicate that in cognitively intact older adults, impairment in odor identification predicts cognitive decline but that episodic verbal memory impairment does not predict cognitive decline. Odor identification impairment has also been shown to predict mortality in older subjects with mortality risk increasing with greater severity of impairment in odor identification. The exact cause of this association is not known, but olfactory deficits may lead to an increase in accidents in the home, because of the inability to smell and taste food that is unsafe or not smelling a gas leak or fire, and this may increase mortality risk. Standardized tests of odor identification ability are widely available and may provide a useful tool to improve diagnostic and predictive accuracy for cognitive decline, AD, and mortality in older adults.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.