ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2016
The Relationship Between School Holidays and Transmission of Influenza in England and Wales.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: a rapid systematic review.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2020Pooled it
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- Ecological reshaping of pediatric respiratory pathogen profiles after COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions were lifted: a 5-year interrupted time-series study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of planned school breaks on student absenteeism due to influenza-like illness in school aged children-Oregon School District, Wisconsin September 2014-June 2019.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in the school community in Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, October 2021-November 2022.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Measuring the clustering effect of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a school population: a cross-sectional study in a high incidence region.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- LSTM-based recurrent neural network provides effective short term flu forecasting.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Using real-time data to guide decision-making during an influenza pandemic: A modelling analysis.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Consequences of school closures due to COVID-19 in DRC, Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Parents' concerns and attitudes towards school reopening during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey-Tripoli, Libya, 2021.The Libyan journal of medicine · 2022Article
- Can cases and outbreaks of norovirus in children provide an early warning of seasonal norovirus infection: an analysis of nine seasons of surveillance data in England UK.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to Self-Testing Procedure against COVID-19 among Greek Students: A Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Feasibility of SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance Testing Among Children and Childcare Workers at German Day Care Centers: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- GIS-based classroom management system to support COVID-19 social distance planning.Computational urban science · 2022Article
- Using WhatsApp During the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Emotions and Perceptions of Users.Psychology research and behavior management · 2022Article
- Experiences of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic from the perspectives of young people: Rapid qualitative study.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Adverse Collateral Effects of COVID-19 Public Health Restrictions on Physical Fitness and Cognitive Performance in Primary School Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Dental education changed by COVID-19: Student's perceptions and attitudes.BMC medical education · 2021Article
- After the Pandemic: New Responsibilities.Public health ethics · 2021Article
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Abstract
School closure is often considered as an influenza control measure, but its effects on transmission are poorly understood. We used 2 approaches to estimate how school holidays affect the contact parameter (the per capita rate of contact sufficient for infection transmission) for influenza using primary care data from England and Wales (1967-2000). Firstly, we fitted an age-structured susceptible-infectious-recovered model to each year's data to estimate the proportional change in the contact parameter during school holidays as compared with termtime. Secondly, we calculated the percentage difference in the contact parameter between holidays and termtime from weekly values of the contact parameter, estimated directly from simple mass-action models. Estimates were combined using random-effects meta-analysis, where appropriate. From fitting to the data, the difference in the contact parameter among children aged 5-14 years during holidays as compared with termtime ranged from a 36% reduction to a 17% increase; estimates were too heterogeneous for meta-analysis. Based on the simple mass-action model, the contact parameter was 17% (95% confidence interval: 10, 25) lower during holidays than during termtime. Results were robust to the assumed proportions of infections that were reported and individuals who were susceptible when the influenza season started. We conclude that school closure may reduce transmission during influenza outbreaks.
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