Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27744097›Full record

ReviewDevelopmental cognitive neuroscience2016

The application of neuroimaging to social inequity and language disparity: A cautionary examination.

Monica E Ellwood-Lowe, Matthew D Sacchet, Ian H Gotlib

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Developmental cognitive neuroscience, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
15.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Measuring early experiences: Challenges and future directions.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Flux of life.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2019
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Monica E Ellwood-LoweDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: mellwoodlowe@stanford.edu.
Matthew D SacchetDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Ian H GotlibDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Stanford University · US

Funding

The Effects of Early Life Stress on Neurodevelopment in Children and AdolescentsR01MH101495 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI GOTLIB, IAN H · 2013 to 2016
$2.9M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH101495
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the nascent field of the cognitive neuroscience of socioeconomic status (SES), researchers are using neuroimaging to examine how growing up in poverty affects children's neurocognitive development, particularly their language abilities. In this review we highlight difficulties inherent in the frequent use of reverse inference to interpret SES-related abnormalities in brain regions that support language. While there is growing evidence suggesting that SES moderates children's developing brain structure and function, no studies to date have elucidated explicitly how these neural findings are related to variations in children's language abilities, or precisely what it is about SES that underlies or contributes to these differences. This issue is complicated by the fact that SES is confounded with such linguistic factors as cultural language use, first language, and bilingualism. Thus, SES-associated differences in brain regions that support language may not necessarily indicate differences in neurocognitive abilities. In this review we consider the multidimensionality of SES, discuss studies that have found SES-related differences in structure and function in brain regions that support language, and suggest future directions for studies in the area of cognitive neuroscience of SES that are less reliant on reverse inference.

Indexed as

Cultural DeprivationLanguage DevelopmentMultilingualismSocial ClassAptitudeBrainChildChild DevelopmentChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansLanguageMaleNeuroimagingChildhood povertyDevelopmentLanguageNeuroimagingReverse inferenceSocioeconomic status (SES)

Identifiers

PMID27744097
PMCPMC5135574
OpenAlexW2528249252

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.