Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27742817›Full record

ArticleNeurology2016

Race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and ALS mortality in the United States.

Andrea L Roberts, Norman J Johnson, Jarvis T Chen, Merit E Cudkowicz, Marc G Weisskopf

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Investigating the impact of socioeconomic status on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration · 2024
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Observational
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Andrea L RobertsFrom the Departments of Social and Behavioral Sciences (A.L.R., J.T.C.), Environmental Health (M.G.W.), and Epidemiology (M.G.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; United States Census Bureau (N.J.J.), Washington, DC; Harvard Medical School (M.E.C.); and MGH Neurological Clinical Research Institute (M.E.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. aroberts@hsph.harvard.edu.
Norman J JohnsonFrom the Departments of Social and Behavioral Sciences (A.L.R., J.T.C.), Environmental Health (M.G.W.), and Epidemiology (M.G.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; United States Census Bureau (N.J.J.), Washington, DC; Harvard Medical School (M.E.C.); and MGH Neurological Clinical Research Institute (M.E.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
Jarvis T ChenFrom the Departments of Social and Behavioral Sciences (A.L.R., J.T.C.), Environmental Health (M.G.W.), and Epidemiology (M.G.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; United States Census Bureau (N.J.J.), Washington, DC; Harvard Medical School (M.E.C.); and MGH Neurological Clinical Research Institute (M.E.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
Merit E CudkowiczFrom the Departments of Social and Behavioral Sciences (A.L.R., J.T.C.), Environmental Health (M.G.W.), and Epidemiology (M.G.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; United States Census Bureau (N.J.J.), Washington, DC; Harvard Medical School (M.E.C.); and MGH Neurological Clinical Research Institute (M.E.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
Marc G WeisskopfFrom the Departments of Social and Behavioral Sciences (A.L.R., J.T.C.), Environmental Health (M.G.W.), and Epidemiology (M.G.W.), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; United States Census Bureau (N.J.J.), Washington, DC; Harvard Medical School (M.E.C.); and MGH Neurological Clinical Research Institute (M.E.C.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
Harvard University · USUnited States Census Bureau · US

Funding

Environmental Risk Factors for ALS in a Representative Sample of the USR56NS082105 · NINDS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI WEISSKOPF, MARC G · 2012 to 2012
$560k
NINDS NIH HHS R56 NS082105
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine whether race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mortality in the United States.

methodsThe National Longitudinal Mortality Study (NLMS), a United States-representative, multistage sample, collected race/ethnicity and socioeconomic data prospectively. Mortality information was obtained by matching NLMS records to the National Death Index (1979-2011). More than 2 million persons (n = 1,145,368 women, n = 1,011,172 men) were included, with 33,024,881 person-years of follow-up (1,299 ALS deaths , response rate 96%). Race/ethnicity was by self-report in 4 categories. Hazard ratios (HRs) for ALS mortality were calculated for race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status separately and in mutually adjusted models.

resultsMinority vs white race/ethnicity predicted lower ALS mortality in models adjusted for socioeconomic status, type of health insurance, and birthplace (non-Hispanic black, HR 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48-0.78; Hispanic, HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46-0.88; other races, non-Hispanic, HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31-0.86). Higher educational attainment compared with < high school was in general associated with higher rate of ALS (high school, HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07-1.42; some college, HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.48; college, HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.90-1.36; postgraduate, HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.06-1.62). Income, household poverty, and home ownership were not associated with ALS after adjustment for race/ethnicity. Rates did not differ by sex.

conclusionHigher rate of ALS among whites vs non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic other races was not accounted for by multiple measures of socioeconomic status, birthplace, or type of health insurance. Higher rate of ALS among whites likely reflects actual higher risk of ALS rather than ascertainment bias or effects of socioeconomic status on ALS risk.

Indexed as

AdultAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisEthnicityFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsSelf ReportSocioeconomic FactorsUnited States

Identifiers

PMID27742817
PMCPMC5135021
OpenAlexW2530133124

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.