ArticleGut2018
Molecular classification of Crohn's disease reveals two clinically relevant subtypes.
Article in Gut, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of IL-23p19 and IL-12/23p40 inhibitors in moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic factors affecting outcomes in fistulating perianal Crohn's disease: a systematic review.Techniques in coloproctology · 2017Pooled it
- Mucosal p-STAT1/3 correlates with histologic disease activity in Crohn's disease and is responsive to filgotinib.Tissue barriers · 2023Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial Substudy of Cell-specific Mechanisms of Janus Kinase 1 Inhibition With Upadacitinib in the Crohn's Disease Intestinal Mucosa: Analysis From the CELEST Study.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2021Trial
- Selective IL-23 Inhibition by Risankizumab Modulates the Molecular Profile in the Colon and Ileum of Patients With Active Crohn's Disease: Results From a Randomised Phase II Biopsy Sub-study.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2018Trial
- Review
- Region-specific immune regulation determines differential response to JAK1 inhibition in Crohn's disease ex vivo.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2026Article
- Tissue transcriptional programs stratify Crohn's disease by therapeutic response and clinical outcomes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- New approach methodologies in Crohn's disease link molecular disease subtypes to clinical outcomes.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2026Article
- eQTL in diseased colon tissue identifies potential target genes associated with IBD.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Comprehensive analysis of heterogeneity and cell-cell interactions in Crohn's disease reveals novel location-specific insights.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Towards IBD Prediction and Prevention: The Contribution of Genetics and Genomics.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Review
- Emerging concepts and shifting paradigms for understanding the microbial basis of inflammatory bowel diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Explainable deep learning for stratified medicine in inflammatory bowel disease.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Characterization of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Heterogeneity Using Serum Proteomics: A Multicenter Study.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2025Article
- Multiomic analysis reveals cellular, transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in intestinal pouches of ulcerative colitis patients.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Alternative Splicing at the Crossroad of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Multiomic analysis reveals cellular, transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in intestinal pouches of ulcerative colitis patients.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Dual Biologic Therapy Induces Remission in Refractory Crohn's Disease With Vedolizumab and Ustekinumab.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2025Article
- The molecular subtypes of autoimmune diseases.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Review
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe clinical presentation and course of Crohn's disease (CD) is highly variable. We sought to better understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that guide this heterogeneity, and characterise the cellular processes associated with disease phenotypes.
designWe examined both gene expression and gene regulation (chromatin accessibility) in non-inflamed colon tissue from a cohort of adult patients with CD and control patients. To support the generality of our findings, we analysed previously published expression data from a large cohort of treatment-naïve paediatric CD and control ileum.
resultsWe found that adult patients with CD clearly segregated into two classes based on colon tissue gene expression-one that largely resembled the normal colon and one where certain genes showed expression patterns normally specific to the ileum. These classes were supported by changes in gene regulatory profiles observed at the level of chromatin accessibility, reflective of a fundamental shift in underlying molecular phenotypes. Furthermore, gene expression from the ilea of a treatment-naïve cohort of paediatric patients with CD could be similarly subdivided into colon-like and ileum-like classes. Finally, expression patterns within these CD subclasses highlight large-scale differences in the immune response and aspects of cellular metabolism, and were associated with multiple clinical phenotypes describing disease behaviour, including rectal disease and need for colectomy.
conclusionsOur results strongly suggest that these molecular signatures define two clinically relevant forms of CD irrespective of tissue sampling location, patient age or treatment status.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.