ArticleOncotarget2016
Positive associations between galectin-3 and PSA levels in prostate cancer patients: a prospective clinical study-I.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modified Citrus Pectin Treatment in Non-Metastatic Biochemically Relapsed Prostate Cancer: Results of a Prospective Phase II Study.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- The influence of PSA autoantibodies in prostate cancer patients: a prospective clinical study-II.Oncotarget · 2017Trial
- Selected Blood-Accessible Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy: A PRISMA-ScR Timing-Window Framework Beyond PSA.Cancers · 2026Review
- Prostate Cancer Biomarkers with a Focus on Galectin-3: Emerging Clinical and Therapeutic Implications.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Immune landscape of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: involvement of MAL, a T-cell differentiation protein.Oncology research · 2025Article
- The role of galectins in mediating the adhesion of circulating cells to vascular endothelium.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- A Novel Signature Based on Anoikis Associated with BCR-Free Survival for Prostate Cancer.Biochemical genetics · 2023Article
- Galectin-3 in prostate cancer and heart diseases: a biomarker for these two frightening pathologies?Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- Galectin-3 in prostate cancer and heart diseases: a biomarker for these two frightening pathologies?Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- Molecular regulation of prostate cancer by Galectin-3 and estrogen receptor.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Galectin-3: an immune checkpoint target for musculoskeletal tumor patients.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2021Review
- Vitamin D regulates cell viability, migration and proliferation by suppressing galectin-3 (Gal-3) gene in ovarian cancer cells.Journal of biosciences · 2020Article
- Galectin-3 in Prostate Cancer Stem-Like Cells Is Immunosuppressive and Drives Early Metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Galectins in prostate and bladder cancer: tumorigenic roles and clinical opportunities.Nature reviews. Urology · 2019Review
- Galectin-3 as a novel biomarker for disease diagnosis and a target for therapy (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2018Review
- Overexpression of the galectin-3 during tumor progression in prostate cancer and its clinical implications.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2018Article
- Cancer Self-Defense: An Immune Stealth.Cancer research · 2017Review
- Synergistic interaction between galectin-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen promotes colorectal cancer metastasis.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Galectin-3 Expression in Colorectal Cancer and its Correlation with Clinical Pathological Characteristics and Prognosis.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3), an oncogenic pro-inflammatory protein, has been suggested as a possible complementary diagnostic candidate to prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test for prostate cancer patients. The presence of the proteins in the circulation (biomarkers) may elicit an intrinsic humoral immune reaction by generating autoantibodies, which consequently could alter the detection levels. Here, we report the associations of the two prostate cancer biomarkers, Gal-3 and PSA in patients at different clinical states of prostate cancer while taking into account the autoantibody levels. A blind, prospective, single institution, pilot study was conducted. A total of 95 men were classified into 5 groups: healthy controls (Group1), newly diagnosed patients (Group2), no recurrence after local therapy (Group3), rising PSA after local therapy (Group4), and metastatic patients (Group5). Gal-3 and PSA level were divided by their respective autoantibodies, which yielded relative PSA and relative Gal-3 levels. After the adjustments, Spearman's rank correlations and linear regression modeling revealed the positive associations between relative Gal-3 and relative PSA levels among all 95 men combined (rho = 0.446, P < 0.0001; fitted slope 0.448, P < 0.0001), in Group2 (rho = 0.616, P = 0.0050; fitted slope 0.438, P =0.0011), and Group3 (rho = 0.484, P = 0.0360; fitted slope 0.470, P = 0.0187). The data show positive associations of relative Gal-3 and relative PSA levels in prostate cancer patients, notably at early clinical time course. Allowing for the influence of autoantibodies, Gal-3 level might be considered as a potential biomarker since it is positively associated with PSA level.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.