ArticlePloS one2016
Historical Biogeography of Five Characidium Fish Species: Dispersal from the Amazon Paleobasin to Southeastern South America.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Isolated in the highlands, found in the museum: A new species of Characidium (Crenuchidae) from a Bolivian National Park, with a CT scan revealing features.Journal of fish biology · 2026Article
- A new South American darter (Crenuchidae: Characidium) from rivers draining the Northeastern Mata Atlantica Freshwater Ecoregion, Brazil: morphological and molecular evidence.Journal of fish biology · 2026Article
- Landscape dynamics and diversification of the megadiverse South American freshwater fish fauna.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- The karyotypes and evolution of ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes in the genusComparative cytogenetics · 2018Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Characidium is a Neotropical fish genus. Its distribution ranges from eastern Panama to northern Argentina, and it is an important component of the Neotropical ichthyofauna present in the major rivers of South America. We here provide an approximation to the dispersal and historical distributions of Characidium. The biogeographic history of five species of the genus was analyzed through nuclear RAG-2 and mitochondrial 16S genes and a time-calibrated phylogenetic analysis using three outgroup species. A biogeographical reconstruction was performed to estimate ancestral geographic ranges and infer the historical events that impacted the geographic distributions of Characidium species. Our results showed Characidium as a monophyletic group. The molecular clock suggests that the most recent common ancestor of Characidium originated during the Eocene, about 50.2 Mya. In addition, different dispersion and vicariance events could be inferred, which possibly gave rise to the present geographical distribution of the genus. Our results point to the rise of the Andean mountains and sea fluctuations as being important events in the formations and delimitation of different rivers, which influenced the distribution of South American ichthyofauna.
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