ArticlePloS one2016
Candida albicans Carriage in Children with Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC) and Maternal Relatedness.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 90 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Different Cleaning Regimes on Biofilm Formation of Acrylic Based Removable Orthodontic Appliance
Association Between Early Candida Infection (Oral Thrush) and Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC)
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Oral microflora and pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Prenatal Oral Health Care and Early Childhood Caries Prevention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Caries research · 2019Pooled it
- Candida albicans and Early Childhood Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Caries research · 2018Pooled it
- Salivary OMICS factors associated with atopic dermatitis in early infancy.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- GcrR in Streptococcus mutans Inhibits the Morphological Transition of Candida albicans Through Ras1-cAMP/PKA Pathway in the Cross-Kingdom Biofilms.Molecular oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Recruitment of healthy third-trimester pregnant women and their newborns into a prospective dental study at a primary health care clinic.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
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- Hydroxyapatite-Based 3D Tooth Models for Investigating Spatially Resolved Analysis of Biofilm Formation Dynamics.ACS applied bio materials · 2026Article
- Cariogenic microorganisms induce oral epithelial atypia through host-microbiome-high sugar diet interactions.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- AJournal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- Mapping the ECC-Saliva Neuroimmune Axis Using AI: A System-Level Framework.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Artemisinins inhibited the synergistic cariogenic effect betweenFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
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- Co-infection with CbpJournal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Effects of pica practice on oral bacteriome and mycobiome profiles among pregnant women: A comparative study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Birth Cohort Study IdentifiesJournal of dental research · 2025Article
- Early-life snack and drink consumption patterns among children: findings from a U.S. birth cohort study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Association between pica practice, oral health, and cariogenic microorganisms of US pregnant women: A cross-sectional study.Archives of oral biology · 2025Article
- Association between salivary immune markers and oral health conditions in pregnant women.Scientific reports · 2025Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCandida albicans has been detected together with Streptococcus mutans in high numbers in plaque-biofilm from children with early childhood caries (ECC). The goal of this study was to examine the C. albicans carriage in children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and the maternal relatedness.
methodsSubjects in this pilot cross-sectional study were recruited based on a convenient sample. DMFT(S)/dmft(s) caries and plaque scores were assessed during a comprehensive oral exam. Social-demographic and related background information was collected through a questionnaire. Saliva and plaque sample from all children and mother subjects were collected. C. albicans were isolated by BBL™ CHROMagar™ and also identified using germ tube test. S. mutans was isolated using Mitis Salivarius with Bacitracin selective medium and identified by colony morphology. Genetic relatedness was examined using restriction endonuclease analysis of the C. albicans genome using BssHII (REAG-B). Multilocus sequence typing was used to examine the clustering information of isolated C. albicans. Spot assay was performed to examine the C. albicans Caspofungin susceptibility between S-ECC children and their mothers. All statistical analyses (power analysis for sample size, Spearman's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses) were implemented with SAS 9.4.
resultsA total of 18 S-ECC child-mother pairs and 17 caries free child-mother pairs were enrolled in the study. Results indicated high C. albicans carriage rate in the oral cavity (saliva and plaque) of both S-ECC children and their mothers (>80%). Spearman's correlation coefficient also indicated a significant correlation between salivary and plaque C. albicans and S. mutans carriage (p<0.01) and caries severity (p<0.05). The levels of C. albicans in the prepared saliva and plaque sample (1ml resuspension) of S-ECC children were 1.3 ± 4.5 x104 cfu/ml and 1.2 ± 3.5 x104 cfu/ml (~3-log higher vs. caries-free children). Among 18 child-mother pairs, >60% of them demonstrated identical C. albicans REAG-B pattern. C. albicans isolated from >65% of child-mother pairs demonstrated similar susceptibility to caspofungin in spot assay, while no caspofungin resistant strains were seen when compared with C. albicans wild-type strain SC5314. Interestingly, the regression analysis showed that factors such as antibiotic usage, birth weight, inhaler use, brushing frequency, and daycare attendance had no significant effect on the oral carriage of C. albicans in the S-ECC children.
conclusionsOur results reveal that both the child with S-ECC and the mother were highly infected with C. albicans, while most of the strains were genetically related, suggesting that the mother might be a source for C. albicans acquisition in the oral cavity of children affected by the disease.
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Registered trials
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