Observational studyMedicine2016
Inflammatory cytokines in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.
Observational study in Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic potential of biomarkers in the assessment of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea-A systematic review and meta- analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Causal analysis between altered levels of interleukins and obstructive sleep apnea.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Evaluation of Serum and Plasma Interleukin-6 Levels in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Lifestyle Modification for the Management of Psoriatic Arthritis.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2026Review
- The interconnection between obstructive sleep apnoea and spondyloarthritis: pathophysiology, clinical evidence, and future perspectives.Rheumatology international · 2026Review
- A crosstalk between the immune system and obstructive sleep apnea.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Body mass index mediates the association between children's dietary inflammatory index and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in children: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Role of inflammation in depressive and anxiety disorders, affect, and cognition: genetic and non-genetic findings in the lifelines cohort study.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Does Obstructive sleep apnea mediate the risk of cognitive impairment by expanding the perivascular space?Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2025Article
- Interleukins as a potential link between obstructive sleep apnea and renal cell carcinoma.Contemporary oncology (Poznan, Poland) · 2025Review
- Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-8, and Interferon-γ with Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Both Children and Adults: A Meta-Analysis of 102 Articles.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Correlation Analysis of Characteristics of Intestinal Microbiota and Cytokine Levels in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Article
- Association Between Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Osteoarthritis: Insights from Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization and Bioinformatics Analysis.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Article
- Pediatric Ocular Health and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Review.Pediatric reports · 2023Review
- Individuals with depression exhibiting a pro-inflammatory phenotype receiving omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids experience improved motivation-related cognitive function: Preliminary results from a randomized controlled trial.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2023Article
- Adenotonsillectomy-related changes in systemic inflammation among children with obstructive sleep apnea.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2023Article
- Investigating the Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Inflammation and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Biomarkers for the severity of periodontal disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea:IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-33.Heliyon · 2023Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with chronic systemic inflammation and with cognitive impairments. This study aimed to investigate the status of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interleukin 23 (IL-23) and cognition in pediatric OSA.Controls and OSA children participated in the study. Exclusion criteria were adenotonsillectomy, heart, neurological and severe psychiatric diseases, craniofacial syndromes, and obesity. Polysomnogram was followed by serum testing for inflammatory markers and neurocognitive tests such as continuous performance task (CPT) and Wisconsin card sorting test, questionnaires, analyses of plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-17, and IL-23.Seventy-nine, 4 to 12-year-old subjects in 2 groups ended the study: 47 nonobese OSA children (mean age = 7.84 ± 0.56 years, body mass index [BMI] = 16.95 ± 0.47 kg/m, BMI z-score = 0.15 ± 0.21, and mean apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] = 9.13 ± 1.67 events/h) and 32 healthy control children (mean age = 7.02 ± 0.65 years, with BMI = 16.55 ± 0.58 kg/m, BMI z-score = -0.12 ± 0.27, and mean AHI = 0.41 ± 0.07 event/h) were enrolled. Serum cytokine analyses showed significantly higher levels of HS-CRP, IL-17, and IL-23 in OSA children (P = 0.002, P = 0.024, and P = 0.047). Regression test showed significant influence of HS-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and specifically IL-23, with the continuous performance test and Wisconsin card sorting test.OSA children have abnormal levels of IL-17, an interleukin related to T helper 17 cells, a T helper cell involved in development of autoimmunity and inflammation. This high expression level may contribute to the complications of pediatric OSA; we also found a significant influence of inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-23, on abnormal neurocognitive testing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.