ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2016
Implementation and Operational Research: Cost and Efficiency of a Hybrid Mobile Multidisease Testing Approach With High HIV Testing Coverage in East Africa.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01864603 (Sustainable East Africa Research in Community Health), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Sustainable East Africa Research in Community Health
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Costs of HIV testing services in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Costs and cost-effectiveness of HIV/noncommunicable disease integration in Africa: from theory to practice.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Pooled it
- Effect of a patient-centered hypertension delivery strategy on all-cause mortality: Secondary analysis of SEARCH, a community-randomized trial in rural Kenya and Uganda.PLoS medicine · 2021Trial
- Effect and cost of two successive home visits to increase HIV testing coverage: a prospective study in Lesotho, Southern Africa.BMC public health · 2019Trial
- HIV Testing and Treatment with the Use of a Community Health Approach in Rural Africa.The New England journal of medicine · 2019Trial
- Costs of streamlined HIV care delivery in rural Ugandan and Kenyan clinics in the SEARCH Studys.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Opportunities for Low-Barrier HIV Testing in the U.S. Deep South: Findings from a Survey in Alabama.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of a smart pillbox intervention for adherence to oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Finding and treating both tuberculosis disease and latent infection during population-wide active case finding for tuberculosis elimination.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Population health impact, cost-effectiveness, and affordability of community-based HIV treatment and monitoring in South Africa: A health economics modelling study.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Approaches to improving the efficiency of HIV programme investments.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Scoping review of costs of implementation strategies in community, public health and healthcare settings.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Costs of implementing community-based intervention for HIV testing in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Implementation science communications · 2021Review
- HIV incidence after pre-exposure prophylaxis initiation among women and men at elevated HIV risk: A population-based study in rural Kenya and Uganda.PLoS medicine · 2021Article
- Reaching Absent and Refusing Individuals During Home-Based HIV Testing Through Self-Testing-at What Cost?Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in people living with human immunodeficiency virus on antiretroviral therapy in Gweru district, Zimbabwe.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2020Article
- Universal HIV Testing and Treatment (UTT) Integrated with Chronic Disease Screening and Treatment: the SEARCH study.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Recommendations for the use of mathematical modelling to support decision-making on integration of non-communicable diseases into HIV care.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Article
- Integrated screening and treatment services for HIV, hypertension and diabetes in Kenya: assessing the epidemiological impact and cost-effectiveness from a national and regional perspective.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn 2013-2014, we achieved 89% adult HIV testing coverage using a hybrid testing approach in 32 communities in Uganda and Kenya (SEARCH: NCT01864603). To inform scalability, we sought to determine: (1) overall cost and efficiency of this approach; and (2) costs associated with point-of-care (POC) CD4 testing, multidisease services, and community mobilization.
methodsWe applied microcosting methods to estimate costs of population-wide HIV testing in 12 SEARCH trial communities. Main intervention components of the hybrid approach are census, multidisease community health campaigns (CHC), and home-based testing for CHC nonattendees. POC CD4 tests were provided for all HIV-infected participants. Data were extracted from expenditure records, activity registers, staff interviews, and time and motion logs.
resultsThe mean cost per adult tested for HIV was $20.5 (range: $17.1-$32.1) (2014 US$), including a POC CD4 test at $16 per HIV+ person identified. Cost per adult tested for HIV was $13.8 at CHC vs. $31.7 by home-based testing. The cost per HIV+ adult identified was $231 ($87-$1245), with variability due mainly to HIV prevalence among persons tested (ie, HIV positivity rate). The marginal costs of multidisease testing at CHCs were $1.16/person for hypertension and diabetes, and $0.90 for malaria. Community mobilization constituted 15.3% of total costs.
conclusionsThe hybrid testing approach achieved very high HIV testing coverage, with POC CD4, at costs similar to previously reported mobile, home-based, or venue-based HIV testing approaches in sub-Saharan Africa. By leveraging HIV infrastructure, multidisease services were offered at low marginal costs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.