ArticleDevelopment and psychopathology2016
The dynamics of internalizing and externalizing comorbidity across the early school years.
Article in Development and psychopathology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Intelligence, motoric and psychological outcomes in children from different ART treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of emotionally oriented parental interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Pooled it
- Relationships between Child Development at School Entry and Adolescent Health-A Participatory Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Body-Oriented Interventions on Preschoolers' Social-Emotional Competence: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Pooled it
- Theories of Change and Mediators of Psychotherapy Effectiveness in Adolescents With Externalising Behaviours: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- The association between early life mental health and alcohol use behaviours in adulthood: A systematic review.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Heterogeneity in Developmental Trajectories of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptomatology: Associations with Risk and Protective Factors.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- The contribution of common and rare genetic variation to emotional and behavioural symptoms in childhood and adolescence.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Transitions Between Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms and Associations with Substance Use among US Young Adults, 2016-2023.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Examining early inhibitory control and emotion regulation as predictors of childhood internalizing and externalizing problems: A longitudinal study.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Gender Differences in Co-developmental Trajectories of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: A 7-Year Longitudinal Study from Ages 3 to 12.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Time-dependent association between prenatal hair glucocorticoid levels and child behavior problems.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Relationships among Life Awe, Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Adolescents: A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
- Threat, Emotion Dysregulation, and Parenting in a Clinical Sample of Children with Disruptive Behaviour.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Patterns of disordered eating behavior, adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism and impulsivity in early adolescents.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Prenatal smoking and child psychopathology associations by age and sex in the ECHO cohort.Development and psychopathology · 2026Article
- Associations Between Lifetime Stressor Exposure and Externalizing Problems in Youth at Risk for Huntington Disease.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Understanding the associations between neurodevelopmental features and internalising and externalising behaviours: A transdiagnostic approach.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Co-occurrence Patterns and Transitions in Adolescents' Depressive Symptoms and Problematic Smartphone Use: The Roles of Social Support and Self-control.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2026Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
High rates of comorbidity are observed between internalizing and externalizing problems, yet the developmental dynamics of comorbid symptom presentations are not yet well understood. This study explored the developmental course of latent profiles of internalizing and externalizing symptoms across kindergarten, first grade, and second grade. The sample consisted of 336 children from an urban, low-income community, selected based on relatively high (61%) or low (39%) aggressive/oppositional behavior problems at school entry (64% male; 70% African American, 20% Hispanic). Teachers reported on children's symptoms in each year. An exploratory latent profile analysis of children's scores on aggression/oppositionality, hyperactivity/inattention, anxiety, and social withdrawal symptom factors revealed four latent symptom profiles: comorbid (48% of the sample in each year), internalizing (19%-23%), externalizing (21%-22%), and well-adjusted (7%-11%). The developmental course of these symptom profiles was examined using a latent transition analysis, which revealed remarkably high continuity in the comorbid symptom profile (89% from one year to the next) and moderately high continuity in both the internalizing and externalizing profiles (80% and 71%, respectively). Internalizing children had a 20% probability of remitting to the well-adjusted profile by the following year, whereas externalizing children had a 25% probability of transitioning to the comorbid profile. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a common vulnerability factor contributes to developmentally stable internalizing-externalizing comorbidity, while also suggesting that some children with externalizing symptoms are at risk for subsequently accumulating internalizing symptoms.
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