ArticleEcoHealth2016
Investigating Rare Risk Factors for Nipah Virus in Bangladesh: 2001-2012.
Article in EcoHealth, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of infection prevention and control in the mitigation of human-to-human transmission of Nipah virus: a systematic review.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Pooled it
- Global and regional mortality statistics of nipah virus from 1994 to 2023: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.Pathogens and global health · 2024Pooled it
- Prioritizing surveillance of Nipah virus in India.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Hendra and Nipah viruses: Biosafety evidence for risk-based containment, inactivation practices, and one health preparedness.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Review
- Emerging Vector-Borne Nipah Virus Infection: Unexplored Hazards, Diagnostic Challenges, and the Potential of Phytomedicine-Based Therapeutics.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Henipavirus evidence gaps: a Rapid Research Needs Appraisal.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- A Roadmap of Primary Pandemic Prevention Through Spillover Investigation.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Nipah virus: a summary for clinicians.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Review
- A One Health approach to understanding and managing Nipah virus outbreaks.Nature microbiology · 2025Review
- Pathology and host-pathogen interactions in a golden Syrian hamster model of Nipah virus infection.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Nipah virus outbreak trends in Bangladesh during the period 2001 to 2024: a brief review.Science in One Health · 2025Review
- Mapping the distribution of Nipah virus infections: a geospatial modelling analysis.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2024Article
- Ecological countermeasures to prevent pathogen spillover and subsequent pandemics.Nature communications · 2024Review
- NIPAH Virus Encephalitis: Unveiling the Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2024Article
- A systematic review on Nipah virus: global molecular epidemiology and medical countermeasures development.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Identifying weather patterns affecting household date palm sap consumption in Bangladesh, 2013-2016.PloS one · 2024Article
- Pandemic potential of the Nipah virus and public health strategies adopted during outbreaks: Lessons from Kerala, India.PLOS global public health · 2024Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence of henipaviruses.Virulence · 2023Review
- Nipah Virus: An Overview of the Current Status of Diagnostics and Their Role in Preparedness in Endemic Countries.Viruses · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human Nipah encephalitis outbreaks have been identified almost yearly in Bangladesh since 2001. Though raw date palm sap consumption and person-to-person contact are recognized as major transmission pathways, alternative pathways of transmission are plausible and may not have been identified due to limited statistical power in each outbreak. We conducted a risk factor analysis using all 157 cases and 632 controls surveyed in previous investigations during 2004-2012 to identify exposures independently associated with Nipah, since date palm sap was first asked about as an exposure in 2004. To further explore possible rare exposures, we also conducted in-depth interviews with all cases, or proxies, since 2001 that reported no exposure to date palm sap or contact with another case. Cases were 4.9 (95% 3.2-7.7) times more likely to consume raw date palm sap and 7.3 (95% 4.0-13.4) times more likely to have contact with a Nipah case than controls. In-depth interviews revealed that 39/182 (21%) of Nipah cases reporting neither date palm sap consumption nor contact with another case were misclassified. Prevention efforts should be focused on interventions to interrupt transmission through date palm sap consumption and person-to-person contact. Furthermore, pooling outbreak investigation data is a good method for assessing rare exposures.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.