ArticleThe Korean journal of pain2016
Analysis of thoracic epidurography and correlating factors affecting the extent of contrast medium spread.
Article in The Korean journal of pain, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting Sensory Block Level in Caudal Anesthesia Based on Sacral Canal Anatomical Parameters and Height: Development of an Ordinal Logistic Regression Model and Nomogram.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2026Article
- Patterns of Epidural Patch Distribution: The Influence of Spinal Level, Injection Technique, and Patch Volume/Composition on Craniocaudal and Ventral Epidural Dispersion.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the thoracic epidural spread after caudal thoracic contrast medium injections in cat cadavers.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional CT Assessment of the Extent of Injectate Spread at CT Fluoroscopy-guided Cervical Epidural Interlaminar Steroid Injections.Radiology · 2019Observational
- Dorsal and ventral thoracic 12 vertebra body height is associated with incident lumbar vertebral fracture in postmenopausal osteoporotic women.Clinical interventions in aging · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThoracic epidural anesthesia is frequently used to maintain intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. Frequently, 3 ml of local anesthetic is used as a test dose, or for intermittent epidural injection. We assessed the extent of the spread of 3 ml of contrast medium in the thoracic epidural space and attempted to identify any correlating factors affecting the epidurography.
methodsA total of 70 patients were enrolled in the study, and thoracic epidural catheterizations were performed under fluoroscopic guidance. Using 3 ml of contrast medium, epidurography was evaluated to confirm the number of spinal segments covered by the contrast medium. Correlation analysis was performed between patient characteristics (sex, age, body mass index, weight, height, and location of catheter tip) and the extent of the contrast spread.
resultsThe mean number of vertebral segments evaluated by contrast medium was 7.9 ± 2.2 using 3 ml of contrast medium. The contrast spread in the cranial direction showed more extensive distribution than that in the caudal direction, with statistical significance (
conclusionsThoracic epidurography using 3 ml of contrast medium results in coverage of a mean of 7.9 ± 2.2 spinal segments, with more extensive cranial spread, and patient height showed a weak negative correlation with the distribution of contrast medium.
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