ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2017
Persistent, Albeit Reduced, Chronic Inflammation in Persons Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in Acute HIV Infection.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 171 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
171 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 258 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral Infections and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Pooled it
- Comparable Inflammatory and Metabolic Outcomes After Switching to Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Continuing Dolutegravir/Lamivudine in Virologically Suppressed Adults With HIV (INSTINCT/GESIDA10918 Study).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Trial
- Trial
- "The effect of 48-weeks azithromycin therapy on levels of soluble biomarkers associated with HIV-associated chronic lung disease".International immunopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Coordination of inflammatory responses in children with perinatally acquired HIV infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Clinical and Immunologic Outcomes After Immediate or Deferred Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation During Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The Sabes Randomized Clinical Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Effect of Once-Weekly Azithromycin vs Placebo in Children With HIV-Associated Chronic Lung Disease: The BREATHE Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2020Trial
- Lower Pretreatment Gut Integrity Is Independently Associated With Fat Gain on Antiretroviral Therapy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Inflammation investigated as a source of pharmacokinetic variability of atazanavir in AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol A5224s.Antiviral therapy · 2018Trial
- Heterogeneity of baseline immune activation and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses in people with HIV: a multicenter prospective study.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Food insecurity and cardiometabolic diseases among people with HIV in West Africa.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Subtype-Specific Mortality and Cardiovascular Burden in HIV Patients with Steatotic Liver Disease: A Korean National Cohort Study.Gut and liver · 2026Article
- Mucosal-associated invariant T cells respond to colonic microbiome alterations during acute HIV infection.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Microbiota-derived 10-hydroxystearic acid activates PPARα to restore gut epithelial barrier integrity and enhance anti-retroviral therapy.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Association between graded short-term lymphocyte count decline and epilepsy risk in HIV-positive patients: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- Identification of distinct HIV reservoir phenotypes and associated immune landscapes.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Long-Term Neurologic Exam Findings in People Diagnosed and Treated During Acute HIV Infection.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Structural Cardiac Abnormalities, Ventricular Dysfunction Phenotypes, and Heart Failure Risk among Antiretroviral Therapy-treated People Living with HIV in South Africa.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Longitudinal assessment of inflammatory biomarkers among youth with perinatal HIV infection and HIV exposure.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial DNA Fragment Dynamics in Acute and Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Insights From Human and Nonhuman Primate Models.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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17 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSerious non-AIDS events cause substantial disease and death despite human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation cascade activation, and fibrosis predict these end-organ events. We aimed to determine whether ART initiation during acute HIV infection would attenuate changes in these biomarker levels.
methodsPlasma samples were obtained from participants starting ART during acute or chronic HIV infection and from HIV-uninfected participants from Bangkok, Thailand. Biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin 6, soluble interleukin 6 receptor [sIL-6R], soluble gp130, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]), enterocyte turnover (intestinal fatty acid binding protein [I-FABP]), lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte activation (soluble CD14 [sCD14]), coagulation cascade activation [D-dimer], and fibrosis (hyaluronic acid [HA]) were measured at baseline and through 96 weeks of ART.
resultsCRP, TNF, sIL-6R, I-FABP, sCD14, D-dimer, and HA levels were elevated in acute HIV infection. Early ART was associated with increased I-FABP levels but normalization of TNF, sIL-6R, and D-dimer levels. CRP, sCD14, and HA levels decreased during ART but remained elevated compared with HIV-uninfected participants. Higher sCD14, CRP, and D-dimer levels were associated with higher peripheral blood mononuclear cell and gut integrated HIV DNA levels. Decreases in sCD14 and CRP levels were correlated with increases in CD4 T-cell counts.
conclusionsART initiated in early acute HIV infection was associated with normalization of the coagulation cascade and several systemic inflammatory biomarkers, but the acute-phase response, enterocyte turnover, monocyte activation, and fibrosis biomarkers remained elevated. Additional interventions to attenuate inflammation may be needed to optimize clinical outcomes in persons with HIV infection.
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