ArticleInternational journal for equity in health2016
Socioeconomic inequalities in catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment associated with non-communicable diseases in urban Hanoi, Vietnam.
Article in International journal for equity in health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Experiences of Strategic Purchasing of Healthcare in Nine Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Qualitative Review.International journal of health policy and management · 2023Pooled it
- Type 2 diabetes and hypertension in Vietnam: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies between 2000 and 2020.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- The protective paradox of intergenerational support: how Chinese families weather health crises.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The cost of dengue shock and septic shock in Vietnam: a patient-centred economic analysis.International health · 2026Observational
- Factors associated with breast cancer screening among insured and uninsured women in Tanzania: an analysis of the Tanzania demographic and health survey 2022.Health economics review · 2026Article
- Equity of total health expenditure in China, 2015-2021.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Out of pocket and catastrophic health expenditure in Tanzania: recent evidence on the incidence, intensity and distribution.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Catastrophic health payments in Ghana post-National Health Insurance Scheme implementation: an analysis of service-specific health expenditures.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Correlates associated with health insurance on cervical cancer screening in Tanzania: a comparison between the insured and uninsured women using demographic and health survey 2022.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Decomposing socioeconomic inequality in household out of pocket health expenditures in Pakistan (2010-11-2018-19).BMC health services research · 2024Article
- First-aid training for primary Healthcare providers on a remote Island: a mixed-methods study.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Economic Burden of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Protocol for a Systematic Review.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Equity and extent of financial risk protection indicators during COVID-19 pandemic in rural part of Tamil Nadu, India.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Sleep disorders among patients suffering from road traffic injuries in an urban setting of Vietnam: an exploratory study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Indicators of Healthcare Services Utilization among the Syrian Refugee Population in Jordan: An Observational Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Patterns of Non-Communicable Disease, Multimorbidity, and Population Awareness in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- The economics of healthcare access: a scoping review on the economic impact of healthcare access for vulnerable urban populations in low- and middle-income countries.International journal for equity in health · 2022Article
- Household financial burden associated with healthcare for older people in Viet Nam: a cross-sectional survey.Health research policy and systems · 2022Article
- Catastrophic Health Expenditure and Impoverishment from Non-Communicable Diseases: A comparison of Private and Public Health Facilities in Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2022Article
- What fragile factors hinder the pace of China's alleviation efforts of the poverty-stricken population? A study from the perspective of impoverishment caused by medical expenses.BMC health services research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment indices offer guidance for developing appropriate health policies and intervention programs to decrease financial inequity. This study assesses socioeconomic inequalities in catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment in relation to self-reported non-communicable diseases (NCD) in urban Hanoi, Vietnam.
methodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to March 2013 in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. We estimated catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment using information from 492 slum household and 528 non-slum households. We calculated concentration indexes to assess socioeconomic inequalities in catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment. Factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment were modelled using logistic regression analysis.
resultsThe poor households in both slum and non-slum areas were at higher risk of experiencing catastrophic health expenditure, while only the poor households in slum areas were at higher risk of impoverishment because of healthcare spending. Households with at least one member reporting an NCD were significantly more likely to face catastrophic health expenditure (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.8-4.0) and impoverishment (OR = 2.3; 95 % CI, 1.1-6.3) compared to households without NCDs. In addition, households in slum areas, with people age 60 years and above, and belonging to the poorest socioeconomic group were significantly associated with increased catastrophic health expenditure, while only households that lived in slum areas, and belonging to the poor or poorest socioeconomic groups were significantly associated with increased impoverishment because of healthcare spending.
conclusionFinancial interventions to prevent catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment should target poor households, especially those with family members suffering from NCDs, with older members and those located in slum areas in Hanoi Vietnam. Potential interventions derived from this study include targeting and monitoring of health insurance enrolment, and developing a specialized NCD service package for Vietnam's social health insurance program.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.