ArticlePloS one2016
25-Hydroxyvitamin D and TSH as Risk Factors or Prognostic Markers in Thyroid Carcinoma.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between vitamin D serum levels and thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Association between vitamin D deficiency and risk of thyroid cancer: a case-control study and a meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2018Pooled it
- The impact of vitamin D pathway genetic variation and circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D on cancer outcome: systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of cancer · 2017Pooled it
- Pre-diagnostic vitamin D deficiency and subsequent thyroid cancer risk: a propensity-matched cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Vitamin D in Endocrine Disorders: A Broad Overview of Evidence in Musculoskeletal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Reproductive Disorders.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Thyroid nodules as predictors of adenomatous colonic polyps: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Article
- Gut microbiome versus thyroid cancer: Association and clinical implications (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Vitamin D deficiency and thyroid cancer: is there a true association? A prospective observational study.Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England · 2025Observational
- Review
- Vitamin D and the Thyroid: A Critical Review of the Current Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The relationship of pre-operative vitamin D and TSH levels with papillary thyroid cancer.Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2023Article
- The association between vitamin D supplementation and the long-term prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer patients: a retrospective observational cohort study with propensity score matching.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Observational
- Role of Dietary and Environmental Factors on Thyroid Cancer in Romania: A Brief Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Relationship Between Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Level and Aggressive Pathological Features of Papillary Thyroid Cancer.Sisli Etfal Hastanesi tip bulteni · 2022Article
- Review
- Article
- Association of Low Serum 25OHD Levels with Abnormal Bone Microarchitecture in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The Role of Vitamin D, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in the Progression of Thyroid Diseases.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Article
- Association of thyroid cancer risk with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D binding protein: a case-control study in China.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2020Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D in Thyroid Diseases.Nutrients · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe increasing incidence of thyroid nodules demands identification of risk factors for malignant disease. Several studies suggested the association of higher TSH levels with cancer, but influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) is controversial. This study aimed to identify the relationship of thyroid cancer with higher TSH levels and hypovitaminosis D and to evaluate their influence on prognostic characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC).
methodsWe retrospectively evaluated 433 patients submitted to thyroidectomy for thyroid nodules. Patients were categorized according to quartiles of TSH and 25OHD levels. Clinicopathological features were analyzed.
resultsSubjects with thyroid carcinomas were more frequently male and younger compared to those with benign disease. Their median TSH levels were higher and adjusted odds-ratio (OR) for cancer in the highest-quartile of TSH (> 2.4 mUI/mL) was 2.36 (1.36-4.09). Although vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency was prevalent in our cohort (84%), no significant differences in 25OHD levels or quartile distribution were observed between benign and malignant cases. Among 187 patients with PTC, analyses of prognostic features revealed increased risk of lymph nodes metastases for subjects with highest-quartile TSH levels (OR = 3.7, p = 0.029). Decreased 25OHD levels were not overtly associated with poor prognosis in PTC.
conclusionsIn this cross-sectional cohort, higher TSH levels increased the risk of cancer in thyroid nodules and influenced its prognosis, particularly favoring lymph nodes metastases. On the other hand, no association was found between 25OHD levels and thyroid carcinoma risk or prognosis, suggesting that serum 25OHD determination may not contribute to risk assessment workup of thyroid nodules.
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