Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27736365›Full record

Trial reportJournal of health communication2016

Youth Receptivity to FDA's The Real Cost Tobacco Prevention Campaign: Evidence From Message Pretesting.

Xiaoquan Zhao, Tesfa N Alexander, Leah Hoffman, Chaunetta Jones, Janine Delahanty, Matthew Walker, Amanda T Berger, Emily Talbert

Open access · greenAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of health communication, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
50citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Tailoring e-Cigarette Health Messages by Vaping Status: How Source and Message Presentation Type Shape Young Adults' Perceptions.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026
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  6. Understanding Potential Mechanisms of Vaping Prevention Messages: A Mediation Analysis of the Real Cost Campaign Advertisements.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2025
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  12. Optimizing Images for an E-Cigarette Messaging Campaign: Liking and Perceived Effectiveness.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Xiaoquan Zhaoa Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland , USA.
Tesfa N Alexandera Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland , USA.
Leah Hoffmana Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland , USA.
Chaunetta Jonesa Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland , USA.
Janine Delahantya Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland , USA.
Matthew Walkerc FDA Tobacco Regulatory Science Fellowship , National Academy of Medicine , Washington , DC , USA.
Amanda T Bergerc FDA Tobacco Regulatory Science Fellowship , National Academy of Medicine , Washington , DC , USA.
Emily Talberta Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland , USA.
National Academy of Medicine · USGeorge Mason University · US

Funding

Intramural FDA HHS FD999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In February 2014, the Food and Drug Administration launched The Real Cost, a national youth tobacco prevention campaign. This article examines youth receptivity to potential campaign ads using data from 3 message pretesting studies featuring the same design and consistent instrumentation. A total of 3,258 adolescents ages 13-17 were randomized to either an ad-viewing condition or a no-exposure control condition. Perceived ad effectiveness, smoking-related beliefs, and attitudes were measured as outcome variables. The sample consisted of both experimental smokers (58%) and current nonsmokers at risk for cigarette initiation (42%). A total of 14 ads were tested across the three studies. Participants who viewed the ads generally considered them to be effective (with a mean perceived ad effectiveness score of 3.66 on a scale from 1 to 5). Compared to those in the control condition, participants in the ad-viewing condition reported stronger beliefs about the health risks of smoking (p < .001), a greater likelihood that smoking would lead to loss of control in life (p < .001), and more negative attitudes toward smoking (p < .001). Responses to campaign ads were largely consistent between experimenters and at-risk nonsmokers. Implications of the findings for the campaign are discussed.

Indexed as

AdvertisingHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHealth PromotionSmoking PreventionAdolescentFemaleHealth CommunicationHumansMaleProgram EvaluationRisk AssessmentSmokingUnited StatesUnited States Food and Drug Administration

Identifiers

PMID27736365
PMCPMC5101168
OpenAlexW2531207659

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.