ArticleScientific reports2016
An Optogenetic Demonstration of Motor Modularity in the Mammalian Spinal Cord.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04154514 (A Wearable for Post-stroke Rehabilitative Multi-muscle Stimulation Inspired by the Natural Organization of Neuromuscular Control), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Wearable for Post-stroke Rehabilitative Multi-muscle Stimulation Inspired by the Natural Organization of Neuromuscular Control
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using an unbiased symbolic movement representation to characterize Parkinson's disease states.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- State-dependent neural representations of muscle synergies in the spinal cord revealed by optogenetic stimulation.The Journal of physiology · 2025Article
- Design considerations for optogenetic applications of soft micro-LED-based device systems across diverse nervous systems.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
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- Motor patterns of patients with spinal muscular atrophy suggestive of sensory and corticospinal contributions to the development of locomotor muscle synergies.Journal of neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Gradient descent decomposition of force-field motor primitives optogenetically elicited for motor mapping of the murine lumbosacral spinal cord.Zoological research · 2023Article
- Optogenetic Targeting of Mouse Vagal Afferents Using an Organ-specific, Scalable, Wireless Optoelectronic Device.Bio-protocol · 2022Article
- Modular organization of locomotor networks in people with severe spinal cord injury.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Article
- A micro-LED implant and technique for optogenetic stimulation of the rat spinal cord.Experimental neurology · 2021Article
- Forelimb force direction and magnitude independently controlled by spinal modules in the macaque.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Redundancy and multifunctionality among spinal locomotor networks.Journal of neurophysiology · 2020Article
- Reorganization of motor modules for standing reactive balance recovery following pyridoxine-induced large-fiber peripheral sensory neuropathy in cats.Journal of neurophysiology · 2020Article
- Plasticity of muscle synergies through fractionation and merging during development and training of human runners.Nature communications · 2020Article
- When 90% of the variance is not enough: residual EMG from muscle synergy extraction influences task performance.Journal of neurophysiology · 2020Article
- Robot-Driven Locomotor Perturbations Reveal Synergy-Mediated, Context-Dependent Feedforward and Feedback Mechanisms of Adaptation.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Emergence of Different Gaits in Infancy: Relationship Between Developing Neural Circuitries and Changing Biomechanics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Spinal control of muscle synergies for adult mammalian locomotion.The Journal of physiology · 2019Article
- Muscle Synergies Obtained from Comprehensive Mapping of the Cortical Forelimb Representation Using Stimulus Triggered Averaging of EMG Activity.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2018Article
- Consistent visuomotor adaptations and generalizations can be achieved through different rotations of robust motor modules.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Motor modules are neural entities hypothesized to be building blocks of movement construction. How motor modules are underpinned by neural circuits has remained obscured. As a first step towards dissecting these circuits, we optogenetically evoked motor outputs from the lumbosacral spinal cord of two strains of transgenic mice - the Chat, with channelrhodopsin (ChR2) expressed in motoneurons, and the Thy1, expressed in putatively excitatory neurons. Motor output was represented as a spatial field of isometric ankle force. We found that Thy1 force fields were more complex and diverse in structure than Chat fields: the Thy1 fields comprised mostly non-parallel vectors while the Chat fields, mostly parallel vectors. In both, most fields elicited by co-stimulation of two laser beams were well explained by linear combination of the separately-evoked fields. We interpreted the Thy1 force fields as representations of spinal motor modules. Our comparison of the Chat and Thy1 fields allowed us to conclude, with reasonable certainty, that the structure of neuromotor modules originates from excitatory spinal interneurons. Our results not only demonstrate, for the first time using optogenetics, how the spinal modules follow linearity in their combinations, but also provide a reference against which future optogenetic studies of modularity can be compared.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.