ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2017
General Self-Efficacy and Mortality in the USA; Racial Differences.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measuring self-efficacy in U.S. older adults with chronic disease: a systematic review.Aging & mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Differences by Race in Outcomes of an In-Person Training Intervention on Use of an Inpatient Portal: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Examining variations in perceived barriers and self-efficacy for physical activity among adults in underserved communities.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2026Article
- Strategies for Equitable Recruitment to Engage Underrepresented Youth and Their Families into Clinical Research: Findings from the BEAD-T1D Pilot Study.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Article
- Relationship between experiencing a challenge or delay accessing contraception and contraceptive self-efficacy: Data from a 2022 nationally representative online survey.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- "To Be Twice as Good to Get Half": Minorities' Diminished Returns.Journal of biomedical and life sciences · 2025Article
- Race and class in big data.Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG · 2024Article
- Patient-reported predictors of postdischarge mortality after cardiac hospitalization.Journal of hospital medicine · 2024Article
- Feeling more confident to encounter negative emotions: The mediating role of distress tolerance on the relationship between self-efficacy and outcomes of exposure and response prevention for OCD.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Article
- Association between School Achievement and Tobacco Susceptibility among US Adolescents: Ethnic Differences.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Parental Education and Adolescents' Asthma: The Role of Ethnicity.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Race and Ethnic Differences in the Protective Effect of Parental Educational Attainment on Subsequent Perceived Tobacco Norms among US Youth.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Psychometric testing of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale to measure exclusive breastfeeding in African American women: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Self-Efficacy Among Caregivers of Children With Food Allergy: A Cohort Study.Journal of pediatric psychology · 2022Article
- Self-efficacy proxy predicts frailty incidence over time in non-institutionalized older adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2021Article
- Race, Flourishing, and All-Cause Mortality in the United States, 1995-2016.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Racial Differences in Patient-provider Communication, Patient Self-efficacy, and Their Associations With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-related Damage: A Cross-sectional Survey.The Journal of rheumatology · 2021Article
- Parental Education, Household Income, Race, and Children's Working Memory: Complexity of the Effects.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Mental Rotation in American Children: Diminished Returns of Parental Education in Black Families.Pediatric reports · 2020Article
- African American Children's Diminished Returns of Subjective Family Socioeconomic Status on Fun Seeking.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeGeneral self-efficacy has been historically assumed to have universal health implications. However, less is known about population differences in long-term health effects of general self-efficacy across diverse populations. This study compared black and white American adults for (1) the association between psychosocial and health factors and general self-efficacy at baseline, and (2) the association between baseline self-efficacy and long-term risk of all-cause mortality over 25 years.
methodsThe Americans' Changing Lives (ACL) study, 1986-2011, is a nationally representative longitudinal cohort of US adults. The study followed 3361 black (n = 1156) and white (n = 2205) adults for up to 25 years. General self-efficacy as well as demographics, socioeconomics, stressful life events, health behaviors, obesity, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health were measured at baseline in 1986. The outcome was time to all-cause mortality since 1986. Race was the focal moderator. Logistic regression and proportional hazards models were used for data analysis.
resultsAlthough blacks had lower general self-efficacy, this association was fully explained by socioeconomic factors (education and income). Our logistic regression suggested interactions between race and education, self-rated health, and stress on general self-efficacy at baseline. Baseline general self-efficacy was associated with risk of mortality in the pooled sample. Race interacted with baseline general self-efficacy on mortality risk, suggesting stronger association for whites than blacks.
conclusionBlack-white differences exist in psychosocial and health factors associated with self-efficacy in the USA. Low general self-efficacy does not increase mortality risk for blacks. Future research should test whether socioeconomic status, race-related attitudes, world views, attributions, and locus of control can potentially explain why low self-efficacy is not associated with higher risk of mortality among American blacks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.