ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2017
Effects of oral administration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on reproductive parameters in male Wistar rats.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxicological profiling and health hazard characterization of pesticides widely used in Tanzania unmarked.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Dynamic wetting of co-assembled supramolecular herbicides on young hydrophobic leaves enables sustainable weed management.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Male partner pesticide residue exposure from fruit and vegetable intake in relation to outcomes of infertility treatment: a prospective cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Herbicide-related health risks: key mechanisms and a guide to mitigation strategies.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Altered Expression of Thyroid- and Calcium Ion Channels-Related Genes in Rat Testes by Short-Term Exposure to Commercial Herbicides Paraquat or 2,4-D.Journal of xenobiotics · 2024Article
- Time-course of oral toxicity to contaminated groundwater in male Sprague Dawley rats.Toxicology reports · 2024Article
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and male reproductive health.Fertility and sterility · 2023Review
- Microbiology and Biochemistry of Pesticides Biodegradation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The association between 2,4-D and serum testosterone levels: NHANES 2013-2014.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2022Article
- The Association Between 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and Erectile Dysfunction.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Occupational use of agrochemicals results in inhibited cholinesterase activity and altered reproductive hormone levels in male farmers from Buea, Cameroon.Toxicology research · 2021Article
- Effect of different doses of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on cardiac parameters in male Wistar rats.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- The dietary risk index system: a tool to track pesticide dietary risks.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Article
- Effects of consumption of contaminated feed with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the rat tibia: analysis by Raman spectroscopy and mechanical properties.Lasers in medical science · 2020Article
- 2,4-D causes oxidative stress induction and apoptosis in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Mutagenic assessment of Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles exposed to the 2,4-D herbicide in a simulated realistic scenario.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is used worldwide in agriculture as a selective herbicide. It has been shown to produce a wide range of adverse effects on the health of both animals and humans from embryotoxicity and teratogenicity to neurotoxicity. In the present study, we have examined the effect of 2,4-D on male reproductive function of rats. Male Wistar rats received daily by force-feeding 100 or 200 mg of 2,4-D/kg body weight for 30 consecutive days. Rats exposed to 100 and 200 mg of 2,4-D/kg showed a significant decrease in body weights only after 24 days of treatment and in relative weights of testis, seminal vesicles and prostate at killing day, when compared with controls. Moreover, a decrease in testosterone and an increase in FSH and LH serum levels were detected in treated rats. Besides, exposure to this herbicide induced pronounced testicular histological alterations with enlarged intracellular spaces, tissue loosening and dramatic loss of gametes in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. In addition, a decreased motility and a number of epididymal spermatozoa with an increased sperm abnormality rate were found in treated rats in comparison with control. With the highest dose, histological observations of seminal vesicles indicated a considerable decrease of secretions in the lumen, a thinness of the muscle layer surrounding the epithelium with branched mucosal crypts and reduced luminal space. In prostate, the heights of the cells decreased while acinar lumen were enlarged and they lost the typical invaginations. Our results suggest that a subacute treatment of 2,4-D promotes reproductive system toxicity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.