ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2016
Anti-GITR therapy promotes immunity against malignant glioma in a murine model.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Astrocyte-driven immunosuppression in the brain tumor microenvironment.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- GITR activation potentiates anti-tumor immunity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expanded from glioblastoma by rescuing exhaustion.Oncogene · 2026Article
- Application Value and Research Frontiers of Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis.Oncology research · 2025Review
- A Novel Signature of Disulfidptosis-Related lncRNAs Predicts Prognosis in Glioma: Evidence From Bioinformatic Analysis and Experiments.International journal of genomics · 2025Article
- From glioma gloom to immune bloom: unveiling novel immunotherapeutic paradigms-a review.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Review
- Myeloid cell-derived creatine in the hypoxic niche promotes glioblastoma growth.Cell metabolism · 2024Article
- Insights into the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment: current and emerging therapeutic approaches.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Evaluating glioblastoma tumour sphere growth and migration in interaction with astrocytes using 3D collagen-hyaluronic acid hydrogels.Journal of materials chemistry. B · 2023Article
- STING agonist-loaded, CD47/PD-L1-targeting nanoparticles potentiate antitumor immunity and radiotherapy for glioblastoma.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Barriers to overcoming immunotherapy resistance in glioblastoma.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Checkpoint: Inspecting the barriers in glioblastoma immunotherapies.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Review
- Next Steps for Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2022Review
- Hijacking Sexual Immuno-Privilege in GBM-An Immuno-Evasion Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Review
- Polyamines drive myeloid cell survival by buffering intracellular pH to promote immunosuppression in glioblastoma.Science advances · 2021Article
- Activation of 4-1BBL+ B cells with CD40 agonism and IFNγ elicits potent immunity against glioblastoma.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- Optimizing T Cell-Based Therapy for Glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- New Immunotherapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma.Journal of immunology research · 2021Review
- Immunotherapy Resistance in Glioblastoma.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Review
- Immunocompetent Mouse Models in the Search for Effective Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potently immunosuppressive cells that accumulate within the glioma microenvironment. The reduction in their function and/or trafficking has been previously shown to enhance survival in preclinical models of glioma. Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) is a tumor necrosis factor superfamily receptor enriched on Tregs that has shown promise as a target for immunotherapy. An agonistic antibody against GITR has been demonstrated to inhibit Tregs in a number of models and has only been recently addressed in glioma. In this study, we examined the modality of the antibody function at the tumor site as opposed to the periphery as the blood-brain barrier prevents efficient antibody delivery to brain tumors. Mice harboring established GL261 tumors were treated with anti-GITR monotherapy and were shown to have a significant increase in overall survival (p < 0.01) when antibodies were injected directly into the glioma core, whereas peripheral antibody treatment only had a modest effect. Peripheral treatment resulted in a significant decrease in granzyme B (GrB) expression by Tregs, whereas intratumoral treatment resulted in both a decrease in GrB expression by Tregs and their selective depletion, which was largely mediated by FcγR-mediated destruction. We also discovered that anti-GITR treatment results in the enhanced survival and functionality of dendritic cells (DCs)-a previously unreported effect of this immunotherapy. In effect, this study demonstrates that the targeting of GITR is a feasible and noteworthy treatment option for glioma, but is largely dependent on the anatomical location in which the antibodies are delivered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.