Trial reportJournal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism2017
Stroke-induced immunodepression and dysphagia independently predict stroke-associated pneumonia - The PREDICT study.
Trial report in Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 138 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prediction of Stroke-associated Pneumonia
Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Pseudo Treatment-controlled Clinical Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Preventing Stroke-associated Pneumonia
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 216 citations in OpenAlex.
- European stroke organisation guideline on stroke-associated pneumonia.European stroke journal · 2026Guideline
- Procalcitonin and biomarkers for stroke-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Remote ischaemic conditioning for neurological disorders-a systematic review and narrative synthesis.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Post-Cerebrovascular Stroke and Early Dysphagia Assessment: A Systematic Review.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Pooled it
- Factors Associated with Risk of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with Dysphagia: A Systematic Review.Dysphagia · 2020Pooled it
- Development and validation of a nomogram model for prediction of stroke-associated pneumonia associated with intracerebral hemorrhage.BMC geriatrics · 2023Trial
- Inflammatory and stress markers predicting pneumonia, outcome, and etiology in patients with stroke: Biomarkers for predicting pneumonia, functional outcome, and death after stroke.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2020Trial
- Advances in stroke-associated pneumonia in the era of revascularization therapy.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Risk Factors Related to the Incidence of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia in Adults: Protocol for a Scoping Review.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Stroke: Drivers of Brain-Body Network Crosstalk.Translational stroke research · 2026Review
- Review
- Association between red cell index and stroke-associated pneumonia.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Prognostic Nutritional Index and Stroke-Associated Pneumonia in Elderly Patients: A Two-Center Study of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Neurological Severity Versus Biomarker Dynamics in Post-Stroke Dysphagia: A Dual-Pathway Model for Functional Recovery and Feeding Transition.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Stroke-Associated Pneumonia and Impaired Functional Recovery After Stroke: The Role of Nutritional-Inflammatory Factors.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Stroke-Associated Pneumonia and Associated Factors Among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Dysphagia.Dysphagia · 2026Article
- Monocyte-derived macrophages and their roles in ischemic stroke.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Frontiers and literature review on non-aspiration stroke-associated infections.European journal of medical research · 2026Review
- T-cell biomarkers improve urinary tract infection risk stratification beyond clinical characteristics after acute traumatic spinal cord injury.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Complementary Marker for Stroke-Associated Pneumonia Risk in Acute Ischemic Stroke.Stroke research and treatment · 2026Article
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stroke-associated pneumonia is a frequent complication after stroke associated with poor outcome. Dysphagia is a known risk factor for stroke-associated pneumonia but accumulating evidence suggests that stroke induces an immunodepressive state increasing susceptibility for stroke-associated pneumonia. We aimed to confirm that stroke-induced immunodepression syndrome is associated with stroke-associated pneumonia independently from dysphagia by investigating the predictive properties of monocytic HLA-DR expression as a marker of immunodepression as well as biomarkers for inflammation (interleukin-6) and infection (lipopolysaccharide-binding protein). This was a prospective, multicenter study with 11 study sites in Germany and Spain, including 486 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Daily screening for stroke-associated pneumonia, dysphagia and biomarkers was performed. Frequency of stroke-associated pneumonia was 5.2%. Dysphagia and decreased monocytic HLA-DR were independent predictors for stroke-associated pneumonia in multivariable regression analysis. Proportion of pneumonia ranged between 0.9% in the higher monocytic HLA-DR quartile (≥21,876 mAb/cell) and 8.5% in the lower quartile (≤12,369 mAb/cell). In the presence of dysphagia, proportion of pneumonia increased to 5.9% and 18.8%, respectively. Patients without dysphagia and normal monocytic HLA-DR expression had no stroke-associated pneumonia risk. We demonstrate that dysphagia and stroke-induced immunodepression syndrome are independent risk factors for stroke-associated pneumonia. Screening for immunodepression and dysphagia might be useful for identifying patients at high risk for stroke-associated pneumonia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.