ArticleHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2016
Monotherapy With Major Antihypertensive Drug Classes and Risk of Hospital Admissions for Mood Disorders.
Article in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between renin-angiotensin system-modulating medication and depression: a systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Somatic and sociodemographic predictors of depression outcome among depressed patients with coronary artery disease - a secondary analysis of the SPIRR-CAD study.BMC psychiatry · 2019Trial
- Acute effects of ATNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blocker-induced Prescribing Cascades: Signal Detection using High-throughput Sequence Symmetry Analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- SOM3355: a unique pharmacological profile combining VMAT1 inhibition, VMAT2-mediated dopamine modulation, and βFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Analysis of the trajectory of depressive symptoms and influencing factors in patients undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Calcium Channel Blockers in Neuropsychiatric, Endocrine and Pain Disorders.Cells · 2025Review
- Chinese Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension (2024 revision).Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2025Article
- Clinical efficacy and psychological benefits of combination therapy in elderly patients with hypertension.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Use of renin-angiotensin system blockers and posttraumatic stress disorder risk in the UK Biobank: a retrospective cohort study.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Hypertensive Patients: The Role of Major Depressive Disorder.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Treatment Options for Posttraumatic Headache: A Current Review of the Literature.Current pain and headache reports · 2024Review
- Role of brain renin-angiotensin system in depression: A new perspective.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Causal relationship between genetic proxies for calcium channel blockers and the risk of depression: a drug-target Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Episodic Migraine and Psychiatric Comorbidity: A Narrative Review of the Literature.Current pain and headache reports · 2023Review
- Antihypertensive drugs and brain function: mechanisms underlying therapeutically beneficial and harmful neuropsychiatric effects.Cardiovascular research · 2023Review
- Randomized evaluation of routine beta-blocker therapy after myocardial infarction quality of life (RQoL): design and rationale of a multicentre, prospective, randomized, open, blinded endpoint study.European heart journal open · 2023Article
- Associations between mental health, blood pressure and the development of hypertension.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Associations between hypertension and cognitive, mood, and behavioral parameters in very old adults: results from the IlSIRENTE study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Prevalence of undiagnosed depression among patients with hypertension: A cross-sectional study of Malaysian primary care perspective.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Major depressive and bipolar disorders predispose to atherosclerosis, and there is accruing data from animal model, epidemiological, and genomic studies that commonly used antihypertensive drugs may have a role in the pathogenesis or course of mood disorders. In this study, we propose to determine whether antihypertensive drugs have an impact on mood disorders through the analysis of patients on monotherapy with different classes of antihypertensive drugs from a large hospital database of 525 046 patients with follow-up for 5 years. There were 144 066 eligible patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria: age 40 to 80 years old at time of antihypertensive prescription and medication exposure >90 days. The burden of comorbidity assessed by Charlson and Elixhauser scores showed an independent linear association with mood disorder diagnosis. The median time to hospital admission with mood disorder was 847 days for the 299 admissions (641 685 person-years of follow-up). Patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers had the lowest risk for mood disorder admissions, and compared with this group, those on β-blockers (hazard ratio=2.11; [95% confidence interval, 1.12-3.98]; P=0.02) and calcium antagonists (2.28 [95% confidence interval, 1.13-4.58]; P=0.02) showed higher risk, whereas those on no antihypertensives (1.63 [95% confidence interval, 0.94-2.82]; P=0.08) and thiazide diuretics (1.56 [95% confidence interval, 0.65-3.73]; P=0.32) showed no significant difference. Overall, our exploratory findings suggest possible differential effects of antihypertensive medications on mood that merits further study: calcium antagonists and β-blockers may be associated with increased risk, whereas angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be associated with a decreased risk of mood disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.