SynthesisParkinsonism & related disorders2016
Equating scores of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and Sniffin' Sticks test in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Synthesis in Parkinsonism & related disorders, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of Sniffin Sticks Test performance in Parkinson's disease patients in different countries.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2022Pooled it
- Tissue eosinophilia suggests dupilumab treatment response in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Evolving trends in dupilumab use for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP): a 4-year cohort analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Estrogen-related receptor gene expression associates with sex differences in cortical atrophy in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Altered network efficiency in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder: A multicentric study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Alpha-synuclein pathology and Parkinson's disease-related olfactory dysfunctions: an update on preclinical models and therapeutic approaches.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Review
- Association between duration or intensity of tobacco smoking and olfactory function: A cross-sectional study among smokers willing to quit smoking.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Cystic fibrosis-related chronic rhinosinusitis: the key role of a comprehensive evaluation in the era of highly effective modulator therapy.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- The Value of Subjective Olfactometry as a Predictive Biomarker of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Olfactory dysfunction as potential biomarker in neurodegenerative diseases: a narrative review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Aging and Olfactory Training: A Scoping Review.Innovation in aging · 2024Article
- Sequential change in olfaction and (non) motor symptoms: the difference between anosmia and non-anosmia in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Characterizing mild cognitive impairment in prodromal Parkinson's disease: A community-based study in China.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2022Article
- Optimising classification of Parkinson's disease based on motor, olfactory, neuropsychiatric and sleep features.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2021Article
- Biomarkers of conversion to α-synucleinopathy in isolated rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder.The Lancet. Neurology · 2021Review
- Comparison between four published definitions of hyposmia in Parkinson's disease.Brain and behavior · 2021Article
- Olfactory Testing in Parkinson Disease and REM Behavior Disorder: A Machine Learning Approach.Neurology · 2021Article
- Sequence of clinical and neurodegeneration events in Parkinson's disease progression.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2021Observational
- Olfactory Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease.Journal of Huntington's disease · 2021Review
- The Association of Olfactory Dysfunction With Depression, Cognition, and Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImpaired olfaction is an important feature in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurological diseases. A variety of smell identification tests exist such as "Sniffin' Sticks" and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). An important part of research is being able to replicate findings or combining studies in a meta-analysis. This is difficult if olfaction has been measured using different metrics. We present conversion methods between the: UPSIT, Sniffin' 16, and Brief-SIT (B-SIT); and Sniffin' 12 and Sniffin' 16 odour identification tests.
methodsWe used two incident cohorts of patients with PD who were tested with either the Sniffin' 16 (n = 1131) or UPSIT (n = 980) and a validation dataset of 128 individuals who took both tests. We used the equipercentile and Item Response Theory (IRT) methods to equate the olfaction scales.
resultsThe equipercentile conversion suggested some bias between UPSIT and Sniffin' 16 tests across the two groups. The IRT method shows very good characteristics between the true and converted Sniffin' 16 (delta mean = 0.14, median = 0) based on UPSIT. The equipercentile conversion between the Sniffin' 12 and 16 item worked well (delta mean = 0.01, median = 0). The UPSIT to B-SIT conversion showed evidence of bias but amongst PD cases worked well (mean delta = -0.08, median = 0).
conclusionWe have demonstrated that one can convert UPSIT to B-SIT or Sniffin' 16, and Sniffin' 12 to 16 scores in a valid way. This can facilitate direct comparison between tests aiding future collaborative analyses and evidence synthesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.