SynthesisOral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology2016
Maternal active smoking and risk of oral clefts: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal factors increase risk of orofacial cleft: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Maternal Cigarette Smoking and Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2022Pooled it
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of congenital urogenital malformations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Health outcomes of smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period: an umbrella review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal Smoking and Preterm Birth Among Infants With Orofacial Clefts.The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association · 2026Article
- DNA methylation as a biomarker of prenatal exposures: current challenges and opportunities.Environmental epigenetics · 2026Review
- Etiology of Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate in Southeastern Poland Based on Current Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association between human cytomegalovirus infection and incidence of severe orofacial clefts: a series of rare cases.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Options for Regenerative Treatment with Bone Grafts in Children with Anterior Lip/Palate Cleft-A Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Substance use and use disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Review
- Impact of Prenatal Health Conditions and Health Behaviors in Pregnant Women on Infant Birth Defects in the United States Using CDC-PRAMS 2018 Survey.Pediatric reports · 2023Article
- Smoking and quitting characteristics of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women of reproductive age: findings from the Which Way? study.The Medical journal of Australia · 2022Article
- Orofacial clefts lead to increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels on neonatal oral mucosa.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Association between Smoking during Pregnancy and Short Root Anomaly in Offspring.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Population Attributable Fractions of Modifiable Risk Factors for Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Prospective Cohort Study From the Japan Environment and Children's Study.Journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Article
- Development of a prenatal smoking cessation counseling scale for public health nurses in Japan.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Article
- The role of smoke from cooking indoors over an open flame and parental smoking on the risk of cleft lip and palate: A case- control study in 7 low-resource countries.Journal of global health · 2020Article
- Quantification of selection bias in studies of risk factors for birth defects among livebirths.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2020Article
- Environmental mechanisms of orofacial clefts.Birth defects research · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the association between maternal active cigarette smoking and the risk of oral clefts in the offspring. STUDY
designOral clefts are divided into three subgroups: total clefts, cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL ± P), and cleft palate only (CP). Data from studies on different levels of smoking were gathered to examine the dose-response effect.
resultsThe present meta-analysis included 29 case-control and cohort studies through Cochrane, PubMed, and Ovid Medline searches. A modest but statistically significant association was found between maternal active smoking and CL ± P (odds ratio [OR] 1.368; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.259-1.486) as well as CP (OR 1.241; 95% CI 1.117-1.378). Half the studies showed positive dose-response effect for each subgroup (test for linear trend, P < .05).
conclusionsThere is a moderate risk for having a child with a CL ± P or CP in women who smoke during pregnancy. We could not confirm whether there was a positive dose-response effect between maternal smoking and clefts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.