ArticlePloS one2016
Cellular and Matrix Response of the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage to Botulinum Toxin.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of masseter hypofunction on mandibular growth and masticatory muscle coordination: an in vivo study of animal model.Odontology · 2026Article
- Prospective Analysis of the Effectiveness of Targeted Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection Using an Ultrasound-Guided Single-Point Injection Technique for Lower Face Contouring.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Hypoxia-inducible factor expression is related to apoptosis and cartilage degradation in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Type V collagen regulates the structure and biomechanics of TMJ condylar cartilage: A fibrous-hyaline hybrid.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2021Article
- Muscle-Bone Crosstalk in the Masticatory System: From Biomechanical to Molecular Interactions.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
- Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Microvessels in Hypertrophic Scar Models on Rabbit Ears.BioMed research international · 2020Article
- The effects on the mandibular condyle of Botox injection into the masseter are not transient.American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics · 2019Article
- Review
- A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2018Article
- Review
- Condylar Degradation from Decreased Occlusal Loading following Masticatory Muscle Atrophy.BioMed research international · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the cellular and matrix effects of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) on mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and subchondral bone. MATERIALS AND
methodsBotox (0.3 unit) was injected into the right masseter of 5-week-old transgenic mice (Col10a1-RFPcherry) at day 1. Left side masseter was used as intra-animal control. The following bone labels were intraperitoneally injected: calcein at day 7, alizarin red at day 14 and calcein at day 21. In addition, EdU was injected 48 and 24 hours before sacrifice. Mice were sacrificed 30 days after Botox injection. Experimental and control side mandibles were dissected and examined by x-ray imaging and micro-CT. Subsequently, MCC along with the subchondral bone was sectioned and stained with tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), EdU, TUNEL, alkaline phosphatase, toluidine blue and safranin O. In addition, we performed immunohistochemistry for pSMAD and VEGF.
resultsBone volume fraction, tissue density and trabecular thickness were significantly decreased on the right side of the subchondral bone and mineralized cartilage (Botox was injected) when compared to the left side. There was no significant difference in the mandibular length and condylar head length; however, the condylar width was significantly decreased after Botox injection. Our histology showed decreased numbers of Col10a1 expressing cells, decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis in the subchondral bone and mandibular condylar cartilage, decreased TRAP activity and mineralization of Botox injected side cartilage and subchondral bone. Furthermore, we observed reduced proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan distribution and decreased expression of pSMAD 1/5/8 and VEGF in the MCC of the Botox injected side in comparison to control side.
conclusionInjection of Botox in masseter muscle leads to decreased mineralization and matrix deposition, reduced chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation and increased cell apoptosis in the MCC and subchondral bone.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.