ArticleBiological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging2016
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Monetary Delay Discounting: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies.
Article in Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Distinct brain structural abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders: A comparative meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Disentangling ADHD's Presentation-Related Decision-Making-A Meta-Analytic Approach on Predominant Presentations.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Behavioral trainings and manipulations to reduce delay discounting: A systematic review.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2019Pooled it
- Delay Discounting as a Transdiagnostic Process in Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-analysis.JAMA psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Baseline performance moderates stimulant effects on cognition in youth with ADHD.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the explore/exploit trade-off.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Executive functions as a transdiagnostic endophenotype in developmental psychopathology.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Thalamo-cortical white matter connectivity-defined thalamic subarea volumes predict individual delay discounting.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Time-of-day variation in motivation for everyday behaviors: A cluster-based approach to understanding individual differences.iScience · 2026Article
- When Development Falls out of Sync: A Developmental Timing Framework for Learning Disabilities.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- The Genoeconomics of Impulsive Intertemporal Choice: A Critical Review.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2026Review
- Garbage in, garbage out: stringent quality control of behavioral data boosts signal in brain-behavior associations.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2026Article
- Intact delay discounting but more optimal reward-based decisions in anorexia nervosa during an experiential task.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Parental ADHD as a Mechanistic Barrier to Behavioral Parent Training Implementation: An Intergenerational Framework for Addressing Childhood ADHD.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Genome-wide association study of delay discounting identifies 11 loci and reveals transdiagnostic associations across mental and physical health.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Dynamic modeling in neurocognitive frameworks of childhood ADHD: a review of inhibitory control and reward systems.Translational psychiatry · 2026Review
- Household Adversity, Day to Day Experiences, and Birth/Pregnancy Complications are Associated with Delay Discounting: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Associations Between Steep Delay Discounting and Punishment Learning.Computational psychiatry (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA growing number of studies have investigated delay discounting, a behavioral economic index of impulsivity, and its relevance to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but with mixed findings. The current meta-analysis synthesizes the literature on the relationship between monetary delay discounting and ADHD in studies using case-control designs. Specifically, the objectives were: 1) to characterize the aggregated differences in monetary delay discounting between individuals with ADHD (cases) and controls in studies using categorical case-control designs; 2) to examine potential differences based on sample age (<18 vs. >18), reward outcome (real vs. hypothetical), and prevalence of conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in the sample; and 3) to evaluate potential small-study (publication) bias in the literature.
methodsFrom 567 candidate articles, 21 independent investigations yielded 25 case-control comparisons (total
resultsAcross studies, a statistically significant difference of medium magnitude effect size was present for the case-control comparisons (
conclusionsThese findings provide robust evidence that delay discounting is significantly elevated among individuals with ADHD compared to controls. Gaps in the literature and the importance of characterizing the neural and genetic bases of this relationship are discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.