Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27721924›Full record

ReviewWorld journal of gastrointestinal surgery2016

Rubber band ligation of hemorrhoids: A guide for complications.

Andreia Albuquerque

4 registry-linked trialsOpen access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of gastrointestinal surgery, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04091763 phase2completednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Sclerotherapy With Polidocanol Foam Versus Rubber Band Ligation in the Treatment of First, Second and Third-Grade Hemorrhoidal Disease: a Randomized, Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversidade do PortoRan2018 to 2020Enrolled120ConditionsHemorrhoids, InternalArmsPolidocanol Injectable Foam, Rubber band ligation
NCT04188171 phase2 / phase3unknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Sclerotherapy With Polidocanol Foam In The Management Of First, Second And Third-Grade Hemorrhoidal Disease In Patients With Bleeding Disorders: A Prospective Cohort Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversidade do PortoRan2018 to 2021Enrolled150ConditionsHemorrhoids, Bleeding DisorderArmsPolidocanol foam sclerotherapy
NCT04290351 completednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Comparative Study of Band Ligation and Phlebotonic Drug Versus Only Phlebotonic Drug, in Bleeding Internal Hemorrhoids.

TypeobservationalSponsorKonya Meram State HospitalRan2020 to 2021Enrolled69ConditionsHemorrhoids, InternalArmsband ligation, oral 450 mg diosmin+50 mg hesperidin
NCT04675177 phase2 / phase3completednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Sclerotherapy With Polidocanol Foam Versus Hemorrhoidal Artery Ligation With Recto Anal Repair in the Treatment of Second and Third-grade Hemorrhoidal Disease: a Prospective Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversidade do PortoRan2019 to 2020Enrolled45ConditionsHemorrhoidsArmsPolidocanol foam sclerotherapy, Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Radiofrequency Ablation for Hemorrhoidal Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Andreia AlbuquerqueAndreia Albuquerque, Department of Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
Hospital de São João · PT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rubber band ligation is one of the most important, cost-effective and commonly used treatments for internal hemorrhoids. Different technical approaches were developed mainly to improve efficacy and safety. The technique can be employed using an endoscope with forward-view or retroflexion or without an endoscope, using a suction elastic band ligator or a forceps ligator. Single or multiple ligations can be performed in a single session. Local anaesthetic after ligation can also be used to reduce the post-procedure pain. Mild bleeding, pain, vaso-vagal symptoms, slippage of bands, priapism, difficulty in urination, anal fissure, and chronic longitudinal ulcers are normally considered minor complications, more frequently encountered. Massive bleeding, thrombosed hemorrhoids, severe pain, urinary retention needing catheterization, pelvic sepsis and death are uncommon major complications. Mild pain after rubber band ligation is the most common complication with a high frequency in some studies. Secondary bleeding normally occurs 10 to 14 d after banding and patients taking anti-platelet and/or anti-coagulant medication have a higher risk, with some reports of massive life-threatening haemorrhage. Several infectious complications have also been reported including pelvic sepsis, Fournier's gangrene, liver abscesses, tetanus and bacterial endocarditis. To date, seven deaths due to these infectious complications were described. Early recognition and immediate treatment of complications are fundamental for a favourable prognosis.

Indexed as

BleedingHemorrhoidsInfectionPainRubber band ligation

Identifiers

PMID27721924
PMCPMC5037334
OpenAlexW2521096987

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.