ArticleScientific reports2016
The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Volcanism-induced collapse and recovery of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation under glacial conditions.Science advances · 2026Article
- Redox and magma recharge controls on excess sulfur build-up at Mount Samalas, 1257 CE.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sensitivity of stratospheric ozone to the latitude, season, and halogen content of a contemporary explosive volcanic eruption.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Modest volcanic SONature communications · 2022Article
- Global climate disruption and regional climate shelters after the Toba supereruption.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Reconciling the climate and ozone response to the 1257 CE Mount Samalas eruption.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Global ozone depletion and increase of UV radiation caused by pre-industrial tropical volcanic eruptions.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- 2600-years of stratospheric volcanism through sulfate isotopes.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Stratospheric ozone over the United States in summer linked to observations of convection and temperature via chlorine and bromine catalysis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- A decade of global volcanic SOScientific reports · 2017Article
- Observing eruptions of gas-rich compressible magmas from space.Nature communications · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Large explosive eruptions inject volcanic gases and fine ash to stratospheric altitudes, contributing to global cooling at the Earth's surface and occasionally to ozone depletion. The modelling of the climate response to these strong injections of volatiles commonly relies on ice-core records of volcanic sulphate aerosols. Here we use an independent geochemical approach which demonstrates that the great 1257 eruption of Samalas (Lombok, Indonesia) released enough sulphur and halogen gases into the stratosphere to produce the reported global cooling during the second half of the 13th century, as well as potential substantial ozone destruction. Major, trace and volatile element compositions of eruptive products recording the magmatic differentiation processes leading to the 1257 eruption indicate that Mt Samalas released 158 ± 12 Tg of sulphur dioxide, 227 ± 18 Tg of chlorine and a maximum of 1.3 ± 0.3 Tg of bromine. These emissions stand as the greatest volcanogenic gas injection of the Common Era. Our findings not only provide robust constraints for the modelling of the combined impact of sulphur and halogens on stratosphere chemistry of the largest eruption of the last millennium, but also develop a methodology to better quantify the degassing budgets of explosive eruptions of all magnitudes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.