ArticleVaccine2016
Risk factors associated with hospitalisation for influenza-associated severe acute respiratory illness in South Africa: A case-population study.
Article in Vaccine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Viral Respiratory Infections: A Systematic Literature Review.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- The association of smoking status with SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization and mortality from COVID-19: a living rapid evidence review with Bayesian meta-analyses (version 7).Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Pooled it
- The epidemiology of seasonal influenza after the 2009 influenza pandemic in Africa: a systematic review.African health sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Influenza and tuberculosis co-infection: A systematic review.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2020Pooled it
- Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV.JCI insight · 2022Trial
- Review
- Africa's Struggle to Meet Global Pandemic Influenza Immunization Targets: Lessons for Public Health Policy and Preparedness-A Focus on Ghana.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Factors Contributing to Pneumococcal, COVID-19, and Influenza Vaccine Uptake Among People Living With HIV in Belgium: A Retrospective Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The National Burden of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illness Among Children Aged <5 Years in Niger, 2015-2018.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Relationship between molecular pathogen detection and clinical disease in febrile children across Europe: a multicentre, prospective observational study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination Against Virus-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Among Adults: A Case-Control Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Adherence to COVID-19 Guidelines among Current, Former, and Never Smokers.American journal of health behavior · 2022Article
- Severe acute respiratory illness surveillance for influenza in Kenya: Patient characteristics and lessons learnt.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Article
- The intersecting pandemics of tuberculosis and COVID-19: population-level and patient-level impact, clinical presentation, and corrective interventions.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2022Review
- Human respiratory syncytial virus diversity and epidemiology among patients hospitalized with severe respiratory illness in South Africa, 2012-2015.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Article
- The effect of smoking on COVID-19-linked biomarkers in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2021Article
- Microbial contamination in the communal-use Lao tobacco waterpipe.International health · 2021Article
- Host variations in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi · 2021Review
- Influenza disease burden among potential target risk groups for immunization in South Africa, 2013-2015.Vaccine · 2020Article
- COVID-19 and Tuberculosis.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfluenza is a common cause of severe respiratory illness, but risk factors for hospitalisation in low income settings with a high HIV prevalence are not well described. We aimed to assess risk factors associated with influenza-associated severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) hospitalisation in South Africa.
methodsWe conducted a case-population study using data on risk conditions in patients hospitalised with SARI and the national prevalence of these conditions. Data on hospitalised cases were from the national SARI surveillance program while data on the referent population were from the latest national census or health and demographic surveillance surveys.
findingsFrom 2009 to 2012, we identified 3646 (7.9%) of 46,031 enrolled cases of SARI that were associated with influenza infection. Risk factors associated with hospitalisation included previous history of smoking [case-population ratio (CPR) 3.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5-4.16], HIV infection (CPR 3.61, 95% CI 3.5-3.71), asthma (CPR 2.45, 95% CI 2.19-2.73), previous history of hospital admission in the past 12months (CPR 2.07, 95% CI 1.92-2.23), and tuberculosis (CPR 1.85, 95% CI 1.68-2.02). When stratified by age, there is increased risk of hospitalisation in those ⩽5yearsof age (CPR 3.07, 95% CI 2.93-3.21) and among those 35yearsof age and above (CPR 1.23, 95% CI 1.28-1.18). Male sex (CPR 0.85, 95% CI 0.82-0.88) and completion of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination schedule in children <5yearsof age (CPR 0.74, 95% CI 0.71-0.77) were associated with decreased risk of hospitalisation.
conclusionThese results identify groups at high-risk for severe influenza who should be considered potential targets for influenza vaccination in South Africa and similar settings.
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