Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27717275›Full record

ArticleWorld psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)2016

Disorders related to sexuality and gender identity in the ICD-11: revising the ICD-10 classification based on current scientific evidence, best clinical practices, and human rights considerations.

Geoffrey M Reed, Jack Drescher, Richard B Krueger, Elham Atalla, Susan D Cochran, Michael B First, Peggy T Cohen-Kettenis, Iván Arango-de Montis, Sharon J Parish, Sara Cottler and 2 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 96 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
96citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
48.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

96 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 446 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Guideline
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Article
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  10. Article
  11. Advancing Professional Education in Clinical Sexology: An Introduction to the Special Issue on Professional Education in Clinical Sexology.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2026
    Article
  12. A Pragmatic Approach to Sexual Health in Movement Disorders.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. 'Gender affirming healthcare' is not what the family physician needs to know.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2025
    Article
  20. Review

36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 10 institutions in 6 countries.

Geoffrey M ReedDepartment of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Jack DrescherDepartment of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
Richard B KruegerDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
Elham AtallaPrimary Care and Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain.
Susan D CochranFielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Michael B FirstDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York State Psychiatric Institute and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
Peggy T Cohen-KettenisDepartment of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Centre, and Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Iván Arango-de MontisInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico.
Sharon J ParishDepartments of Medicine and Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College and New York Presbyterian Hospital/Westchester Division, White Plains, NY, USA.
Sara CottlerDepartment of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Peer BrikenInstitute for Sex Research and Forensic Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Shekhar SaxenaDepartment of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
World Health Organization · CHAmsterdam UMC Location VUmc · NLFielding Graduate University · USInstituto Nacional de Psiquiatría · MXMinistry of Health · BHNew York Hospital Queens · USNew York Medical College · USNew York State Psychiatric InstitutePresbyterian Hospital · USUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf · DE

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the World Health Organization's forthcoming eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11), substantial changes have been proposed to the ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders related to sexuality and gender identity. These concern the following ICD-10 disorder groupings: F52 Sexual dysfunctions, not caused by organic disorder or disease; F64 Gender identity disorders; F65 Disorders of sexual preference; and F66 Psychological and behavioural disorders associated with sexual development and orientation. Changes have been proposed based on advances in research and clinical practice, and major shifts in social attitudes and in relevant policies, laws, and human rights standards. This paper describes the main recommended changes, the rationale and evidence considered, and important differences from the DSM-5. An integrated classification of sexual dysfunctions has been proposed for a new chapter on Conditions Related to Sexual Health, overcoming the mind/body separation that is inherent in ICD-10. Gender identity disorders in ICD-10 have been reconceptualized as Gender incongruence, and also proposed to be moved to the new chapter on sexual health. The proposed classification of Paraphilic disorders distinguishes between conditions that are relevant to public health and clinical psychopathology and those that merely reflect private behaviour. ICD-10 categories related to sexual orientation have been recommended for deletion from the ICD-11.

Indexed as

DSM-5gender dysphoriagender incongruenceICD-11International Classification of Diseasesparaphilic disorderssexual dysfunctionssexual healthsexual orientationtransgender

Identifiers

PMID27717275
PMCPMC5032510
OpenAlexW2522121988

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.