ReviewEye (London, England)2017
Structural and molecular changes in the aging choroid: implications for age-related macular degeneration.
Review in Eye (London, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 203 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clustering of eyes with age-related macular degeneration or pachychoroid spectrum diseases based on choroidal thickness profile.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Choroidal vascularity across aging and the spectrum of age-related macular degeneration: an AI-based OCT study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Highlights Endothelial and Müller Cell ER Stress During Retinal Neovascularization in Vldlr-/- Mouse.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- An Integrated Multi-omics Single Cell Atlas of the Human RPE and Choroid.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Tissue-resident macrophages maintain choroidal homeostasis by complement dependent and independent mechanisms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Spatial Selective Choroidal Stromal and Vascular Changes in Intermediate AMD: Insights From High-Density Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Unveiling the choroidal immune landscape revealed interferon-gamma and TNF-alpha as novel therapeutic targets in dry AMD.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Association between Baseline Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness and Anatomical and Functional Outcomes in Geographic Atrophy.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- A multimodal retinal aging clock for biological age prediction and systemic health assessment via OCT and fundus imaging.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Quantitative assessment of age-related retinal and choriocapillaris blood flow changes in a healthy Korean population using optical coherence tomography angiography.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Retinal and Choriocapillaris Thickness and Age in Macaques in Development and Aging.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Assessment of Macular Choroidal Thickness via Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients With Chronic Tinnitus.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Subtle outer retinal and choroidal alterations in patients at high risk of progression to age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in age-related macular degeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Bilateral Choroidal Neovascular Membranes in a Patient With a C1QTNF5 Mutation Managed With Long-Term Anti-VEGF Therapy and PRN Protocol: A Case Report.Case reports in ophthalmological medicine · 2026Article
- Spatial interaction between retinal and choroidal circulation in retinal vein occlusion.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Subretinal suspensions of hiPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells form functional monolayers in NOD-SCID mice facilitating treatment of advanced retinal diseases.Regenerative therapy · 2025Article
- Changes in Choriocapillaris Flow Deficits Before and After the Onset of Large Choroidal Hypertransmission Defects in AMD.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- HIF1 activity in photoreceptors drives type 3 neovascularization and retinal atrophy in a new mouse model of age-related macular degeneration.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- C-reactive protein dissociation drives choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration.Scientific reports · 2025Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a devastating disease-causing vision loss in millions of people around the world. In advanced stages of disease, death of photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and choroidal endothelial cells (CECs) are common. Loss of endothelial cells of the choriocapillaris is one of the earliest detectable events in AMD, and, because the outer retina relies on the choriocapillaris for metabolic support, this loss may be the trigger for progression to more advanced stages. Here we highlight evidence for loss of CECs, including changes to vascular density within the choriocapillaris, altered abundance of CEC markers, and changes to overall thickness of the choroid. Furthermore, we review the key components and functions of the choroid, as well as Bruch's membrane, both of which are vital for healthy vision. We discuss changes to the structure and molecular composition of these tissues, many of which develop with age and may contribute to AMD pathogenesis. For example, a crucial event that occurs in the aging choriocapillaris is accumulation of the membrane attack complex, which may result in complement-mediated CEC lysis, and may be a primary cause for AMD-associated choriocapillaris degeneration. The actions of elevated monomeric C-reactive protein in the choriocapillaris in at-risk individuals may also contribute to the inflammatory environment in the choroid and promote disease progression. Finally, we discuss the progress that has been made in the development of AMD therapies, with a focus on cell replacement.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.