ReviewVeterinary research2016
The impact of co-infections on fish: a review.
Review in Veterinary research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 87 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tissue-Specific Transcriptomic Insights into Myxozoan Infections: Immune and Stress Responses in the Kidney and Head Cartilage of Rainbow Trout.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A total infectome framework for resolving complex disease etiology in aquaculture.Advanced biotechnology · 2026Article
- Effects of low-dose dietary antimicrobial peptide Scy-hepc on disease resistance in Larimichthys crocea under secondary infection.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Detection of Bacterial Internalization in Lettuce (Biology · 2026Article
- Changes in the gill and gut microbiota of koi infected with carp edema virus.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Immunity beyond borders: non-lethalFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- SaSi qPCR: a novel duplex qPCR assay for rapid and simultaneous detection of Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae in fish.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluating the impact of ionic and nano silver on the reproductive dynamics of Macrogyrodactylus congolensis: host-dependent and independent effects.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis of the Rainbow Trout Response to Single and Co-Infections withInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Pathogenicity in Chicken Anemia Virus withMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Molecular characterization and virulence of fungal pathogens associated with mass mortalities in hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha).Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Bacteriophage Therapy in Freshwater and Saltwater Aquaculture Species.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Pathological and Molecular Characterization of Grass Carp Co-Infected with TwoAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Effect of ectoparasiteFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Mathematical modelling and analysis for the co-infection of viral and bacterial diseases: a systematic review protocol.BMJ open · 2024Article
- The Temporal Order of Mixed Viral Infections Matters: Common Events That Are Neglected in Plant Viral Diseases.Viruses · 2024Review
- Article
- Natural Co-Infections ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Co-infections are very common in nature and occur when hosts are infected by two or more different pathogens either by simultaneous or secondary infections so that two or more infectious agents are active together in the same host. Co-infections have a fundamental effect and can alter the course and the severity of different fish diseases. However, co-infection effect has still received limited scrutiny in aquatic animals like fish and available data on this subject is still scarce. The susceptibility of fish to different pathogens could be changed during mixed infections causing the appearance of sudden fish outbreaks. In this review, we focus on the synergistic and antagonistic interactions occurring during co-infections by homologous or heterologous pathogens. We present a concise summary about the present knowledge regarding co-infections in fish. More research is needed to better understand the immune response of fish during mixed infections as these could have an important impact on the development of new strategies for disease control programs and vaccination in fish.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.